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Questions and Answers
What is the function of phenol oxidase or laccase in the growth medium?
What is the function of phenol oxidase or laccase in the growth medium?
- To produce a color change in the agar (correct)
- To promote cell division
- To provide nutrients for bacteria
- To inhibit fungal growth
Which treatment option is specifically indicated for severe candidiasis?
Which treatment option is specifically indicated for severe candidiasis?
- Topical nystatin
- Oral azoles
- Fluconazole/nystatin
- Liposomal amphotericin B with flucytosine (correct)
What characteristic appearance is described as the 'sheesh kebab effect' in Candida?
What characteristic appearance is described as the 'sheesh kebab effect' in Candida?
- Spore formation
- Random cell distribution
- Clumping of cells
- Cells arranged in a striking appearance (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a growth medium for Candida?
Which of the following is NOT a growth medium for Candida?
What does a positive Germ Tube Test indicate?
What does a positive Germ Tube Test indicate?
What does the Braude Phenomenon refer to in the study of Candida?
What does the Braude Phenomenon refer to in the study of Candida?
Which species of Candida is characterized by positive results in the Germ Tube Test and Chlamydospores formation?
Which species of Candida is characterized by positive results in the Germ Tube Test and Chlamydospores formation?
For which conditions is topical nystatin the preferred treatment?
For which conditions is topical nystatin the preferred treatment?
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Study Notes
Candida
- Candida is a type of fungus that can cause infections.
- Brownish birdseed/Niger seed agar is used to culture Candida.
- Candida produces enzymes called phenol oxidase or laccase that cause a color change in the agar.
- A latex agglutination test is used to confirm the presence of Candida.
- Liposomal amphotericin B with flucytosine is a treatment option for Candida infections.
Microscopic Observations
- Candida infections can be identified by observing a curdy white discharge in a Pap smear.
- The sheesh kebab effect describes the striking arrangement of Candida cells.
- Candida cells in a line are a sign of pseudohyphae.
- Budding and pseudohyphae are characteristics of Candida cells.
- The Germ Tube Test involves cultivating Candida in a suitable growth medium.
- The Braude Phenomenon is a characteristic reaction observed in Candida studies.
- Candida displays mother cells and budding cells, indicative of its growth and development.
Candida Species Characteristics
- Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis are two common Candida species.
- Both species produce germ tubes and chlamydospores.
- Both species are negative for growth above 45°C and in hypertonic saline solutions.
Treatment
- Oral thrush and vulvovaginal candidiasis are treated with topical nystatin.
- Severe candidiasis is treated with Fluconazole or nystatin.
- Deep candidiasis is treated with Liposomal amphotericin B (LAMB).
- Azoles are another class of drugs used to treat Candida infections.
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