Cancer Treatment using Oncolytic Viruses and Cytokines
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Cancer Treatment using Oncolytic Viruses and Cytokines

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of immune checkpoints in the immune system?

  • To stimulate the production of cytokines
  • To regulate self-tolerance and prevent autoimmune reactions (correct)
  • To enhance immune responses against cancer cells
  • To deliver antigens to T cells
  • What happens when checkpoint proteins bind to their partners on T cells and tumor cells?

  • Cancer cells are stimulated to grow
  • T cells are inhibited from attacking cancer cells (correct)
  • T cells are activated to attack cancer cells
  • Cytokine production is enhanced
  • What is the primary goal of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?

  • To interrupt signals that cause cancer cells to grow and divide
  • To block hormone signals that stimulate cancer growth
  • To deliver cell-killing substances to cancer cells
  • To help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells (correct)
  • What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunotherapy?

    <p>To attach to cancer cells, making them visible to the immune system for destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors?

    <p>Blocking the binding of checkpoint proteins with their partners</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cancers is NOT treated with checkpoint inhibitors?

    <p>Brain cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cancer vaccines in immunotherapy?

    <p>To stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor-specific antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of checkpoint inhibitors?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cytokines in immunotherapy?

    <p>To regulate immune responses against cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy?

    <p>To block proteins that inhibit immune responses against cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of T-cell transfer therapy involves collecting T cells from the tumor itself?

    <p>Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of T-cell transfer therapy?

    <p>To enhance immune responses against cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of adoptive T cell therapy in immunotherapy?

    <p>To infuse modified T cells to enhance immune activity against tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for T-cell transfer therapy?

    <p>Adoptive Cell Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for using biologically derived agents to modify the relationship between the tumor and the host?

    <p>Biological therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the activation of immune cells to target tumors?

    <p>Activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of an oncolytic virus used in cancer treatment?

    <p>It infects and breaks down only cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine has both growth-inhibitory and immunostimulatory effects?

    <p>Interleukin-12 (IL-12)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major challenge associated with cytokine-based therapies?

    <p>High systemic toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are known to promote inflammation and tumor growth?

    <p>TNF and IL-1β</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was an outcome of early clinical research with recombinant cytokines?

    <p>Only modest efficacy in certain malignancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is oncolytic virus treatment different from traditional chemotherapy?

    <p>It selectively breaks down cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administration method is used for very early-stage skin cancer immunotherapy?

    <p>Topical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse event associated with high systemic effects of cytokines?

    <p>Vascular leakage syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

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