24 Questions
What is the primary function of immune checkpoints in the immune system?
To regulate self-tolerance and prevent autoimmune reactions
What happens when checkpoint proteins bind to their partners on T cells and tumor cells?
T cells are inhibited from attacking cancer cells
What is the primary goal of immunotherapy in cancer treatment?
To help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells
What is the role of monoclonal antibodies in immunotherapy?
To attach to cancer cells, making them visible to the immune system for destruction
What is the mechanism of action of checkpoint inhibitors?
Blocking the binding of checkpoint proteins with their partners
Which of the following cancers is NOT treated with checkpoint inhibitors?
Brain cancer
What is the purpose of cancer vaccines in immunotherapy?
To stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor-specific antigens
What is a common side effect of checkpoint inhibitors?
Fatigue
What is the role of cytokines in immunotherapy?
To regulate immune responses against cancer
What is the mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors in immunotherapy?
To block proteins that inhibit immune responses against cancer
What type of T-cell transfer therapy involves collecting T cells from the tumor itself?
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) Therapy
What is the primary goal of T-cell transfer therapy?
To enhance immune responses against cancer cells
What is the goal of adoptive T cell therapy in immunotherapy?
To infuse modified T cells to enhance immune activity against tumors
What is another name for T-cell transfer therapy?
Adoptive Cell Therapy
What is the term for using biologically derived agents to modify the relationship between the tumor and the host?
Biological therapy
What is the term for the activation of immune cells to target tumors?
Activation
What is a key characteristic of an oncolytic virus used in cancer treatment?
It infects and breaks down only cancer cells
Which cytokine has both growth-inhibitory and immunostimulatory effects?
Interleukin-12 (IL-12)
What is a major challenge associated with cytokine-based therapies?
High systemic toxicity
Which cytokines are known to promote inflammation and tumor growth?
TNF and IL-1β
What was an outcome of early clinical research with recombinant cytokines?
Only modest efficacy in certain malignancies
How is oncolytic virus treatment different from traditional chemotherapy?
It selectively breaks down cancer cells
Which administration method is used for very early-stage skin cancer immunotherapy?
Topical
What is a common adverse event associated with high systemic effects of cytokines?
Vascular leakage syndrome
This quiz covers the use of oncolytic viruses and cytokines in cancer treatment, including their mechanisms and examples of approved treatments.
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