Cancer Treatment and Management in Children
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Cancer Treatment and Management in Children

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Questions and Answers

What is administered to a child who has not been immunized against varicella and is exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy?

  • Zoster immune globulin (correct)
  • Blood products
  • Stem cells from the bone marrow
  • Cord blood

    • What is the benefit of having a frank discussion about changes in body appearance during chemotherapy?

  • It reduces the severity of cancer symptoms
  • It helps to reduce the risk of infection
  • It maintains self-esteem (correct)
  • It increases the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation

    • What is the purpose of transplanting immune cells from a well person's bone marrow to a child with cancer?

  • To help kill remaining cancer cells (correct)
  • To reduce the risk of infection
  • To preserve the child's cord blood
  • To increase the production of blood cells

    • What is the term for a stem cell transplant from a twin?

    <p>Syngeneic transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to take infection control precautions during the first three weeks after stem cell transplantation?

    <p>Because the transplanted marrow takes time to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function?

    <p>Transfusion of blood products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of long-term survival if a child experiences a relapse?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a situation where the cancer is still present but the tumor has decreased in size?

    <p>Partial remission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must the decrease or absence of cancer signs last for a patient to be considered in remission?

    <p>At least one month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of therapy for leukemia?

    <p>Complete cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ALL cases involve B-lymphocyte cell characteristics?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by some doctors to describe cancer, such as leukemia, that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment?

    <p>Chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of extreme weight loss in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalance and hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Rapid weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DEXA scan in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>To diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications may be used to treat accompanying depression and anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are smaller, more frequent meals often necessary in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>To restore physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can scabies mites live on a person?

    <p>1 to 2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way scabies is spread?

    <p>Directly through skin to skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the male mite after mating?

    <p>It dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of adult female mites found on an affected host during a typical infestation?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of eggs laid by the female mite result in mature mites?

    <p>Fewer than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can scabies mites be confirmed as the cause of an infestation?

    <p>By identifying the mite, mite eggs, or mite fecal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a nephroblastoma typically discovered?

    <p>6 months to 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of a nephroblastoma?

    <p>A firm, nontender abdominal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid excessive abdominal palpation?

    <p>To prevent tumor spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for a nephroblastoma?

    <p>Nephrectomy followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of kidney function studies in a child with a nephroblastoma?

    <p>To assess the function of the kidneys before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of bilateral tumor involvement?

    <p>The need for more complex surgical decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Treatment and Management

    • Zoster immune globulin may be administered to children who have not been immunized against varicella and are exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy.
    • Chemotherapy causes changes in body appearance, and open discussion with children and their parents can help maintain self-esteem.

    Stem Cell Transplantation

    • Stem cells from a healthy person's bone marrow can be transplanted to a child with cancer to help kill remaining cancer cells.
    • Types of transplants include:
      • Allogenic transplant: stem cells are donated by someone who is histocompatible with the child.
      • Autologous transplant: the child's own cord blood is used.
      • Syngeneic transplant: stem cells are donated by a twin.

    Transplantation Process

    • The new stem cells enter the bone marrow and begin to function after about 3 weeks.
    • The child is at extreme risk for infection during this time, and infection control precautions must be maintained.
    • Blood products may be transfused to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function.

    Remission

    • There are two types of remission:
      • Partial remission: the cancer is still present, but the tumor has decreased in size or the cancer has decreased throughout the body.
      • Complete remission: all signs of cancer are gone, but it does not mean the child is cured.

    Leukemia Classification and Prognosis

    • Leukemia is classified to define subgroups of cells and predict the usual response to treatment.
    • B-lymphocyte cell types account for about 85% of instances of ALL, while T-lymphocyte cell involvement accounts for about 15%.

    Cure as Goal

    • The goal of therapy for leukemia is complete cure, based on the use of chemotherapeutic agents.

    Anemia and Nutrition

    • Anemia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes are potential side effects of chemotherapy.
    • Nutritional support is crucial, including reestablishment of dietary intake to restore physical health.

    Scabies

    • Scabies is usually spread by direct prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person.
    • Scabies mites can live on a person for up to 1-2 months and off a person for up to 48-72 hours.
    • The female mite lays up to three eggs per day for the duration of her 30-60 day lifetime.

    Nephroblastoma

    • A nephroblastoma is usually discovered early in life (6 months to 5 years) and arises from an embryonic structure present in the child before birth.
    • Symptoms include a firm, nontender abdominal mass, hematuria, and a low-grade fever.
    • Diagnosis is made through CT scan or ultrasound, and kidney function studies are performed before surgery.

    Therapeutic Management of Nephroblastoma

    • The tumor is removed by nephrectomy, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
    • A second surgical procedure may be scheduled after 2-3 months to remove any remaining tumor.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the administration of zoster immune globulin in children undergoing chemotherapy, the importance of open discussion about physical changes, and stem cell transplantation as a treatment option. Test your understanding of these critical topics in pediatric cancer care.

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