Cancer Treatment and Management in Children
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is administered to a child who has not been immunized against varicella and is exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy?

  • Zoster immune globulin (correct)
  • Blood products
  • Stem cells from the bone marrow
  • Cord blood

    • What is the benefit of having a frank discussion about changes in body appearance during chemotherapy?

  • It reduces the severity of cancer symptoms
  • It helps to reduce the risk of infection
  • It maintains self-esteem (correct)
  • It increases the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation

    • What is the purpose of transplanting immune cells from a well person's bone marrow to a child with cancer?

  • To help kill remaining cancer cells (correct)
  • To reduce the risk of infection
  • To preserve the child's cord blood
  • To increase the production of blood cells

    • What is the term for a stem cell transplant from a twin?

    <p>Syngeneic transplant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to take infection control precautions during the first three weeks after stem cell transplantation?

    <p>Because the transplanted marrow takes time to function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function?

    <p>Transfusion of blood products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of long-term survival if a child experiences a relapse?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a situation where the cancer is still present but the tumor has decreased in size?

    <p>Partial remission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must the decrease or absence of cancer signs last for a patient to be considered in remission?

    <p>At least one month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of therapy for leukemia?

    <p>Complete cure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of ALL cases involve B-lymphocyte cell characteristics?

    <p>85%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by some doctors to describe cancer, such as leukemia, that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment?

    <p>Chronic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of extreme weight loss in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalance and hospitalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Rapid weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a DEXA scan in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>To diagnose osteopenia or osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications may be used to treat accompanying depression and anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are smaller, more frequent meals often necessary in individuals with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>To restore physical health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can scabies mites live on a person?

    <p>1 to 2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way scabies is spread?

    <p>Directly through skin to skin contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the male mite after mating?

    <p>It dies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of adult female mites found on an affected host during a typical infestation?

    <p>11</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of eggs laid by the female mite result in mature mites?

    <p>Fewer than 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can scabies mites be confirmed as the cause of an infestation?

    <p>By identifying the mite, mite eggs, or mite fecal matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age is a nephroblastoma typically discovered?

    <p>6 months to 5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of a nephroblastoma?

    <p>A firm, nontender abdominal mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid excessive abdominal palpation?

    <p>To prevent tumor spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical treatment for a nephroblastoma?

    <p>Nephrectomy followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of kidney function studies in a child with a nephroblastoma?

    <p>To assess the function of the kidneys before surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential consequence of bilateral tumor involvement?

    <p>The need for more complex surgical decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Treatment and Management

    • Zoster immune globulin may be administered to children who have not been immunized against varicella and are exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy.
    • Chemotherapy causes changes in body appearance, and open discussion with children and their parents can help maintain self-esteem.

    Stem Cell Transplantation

    • Stem cells from a healthy person's bone marrow can be transplanted to a child with cancer to help kill remaining cancer cells.
    • Types of transplants include:
      • Allogenic transplant: stem cells are donated by someone who is histocompatible with the child.
      • Autologous transplant: the child's own cord blood is used.
      • Syngeneic transplant: stem cells are donated by a twin.

    Transplantation Process

    • The new stem cells enter the bone marrow and begin to function after about 3 weeks.
    • The child is at extreme risk for infection during this time, and infection control precautions must be maintained.
    • Blood products may be transfused to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function.

    Remission

    • There are two types of remission:
      • Partial remission: the cancer is still present, but the tumor has decreased in size or the cancer has decreased throughout the body.
      • Complete remission: all signs of cancer are gone, but it does not mean the child is cured.

    Leukemia Classification and Prognosis

    • Leukemia is classified to define subgroups of cells and predict the usual response to treatment.
    • B-lymphocyte cell types account for about 85% of instances of ALL, while T-lymphocyte cell involvement accounts for about 15%.

    Cure as Goal

    • The goal of therapy for leukemia is complete cure, based on the use of chemotherapeutic agents.

    Anemia and Nutrition

    • Anemia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes are potential side effects of chemotherapy.
    • Nutritional support is crucial, including reestablishment of dietary intake to restore physical health.

    Scabies

    • Scabies is usually spread by direct prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person.
    • Scabies mites can live on a person for up to 1-2 months and off a person for up to 48-72 hours.
    • The female mite lays up to three eggs per day for the duration of her 30-60 day lifetime.

    Nephroblastoma

    • A nephroblastoma is usually discovered early in life (6 months to 5 years) and arises from an embryonic structure present in the child before birth.
    • Symptoms include a firm, nontender abdominal mass, hematuria, and a low-grade fever.
    • Diagnosis is made through CT scan or ultrasound, and kidney function studies are performed before surgery.

    Therapeutic Management of Nephroblastoma

    • The tumor is removed by nephrectomy, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
    • A second surgical procedure may be scheduled after 2-3 months to remove any remaining tumor.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the administration of zoster immune globulin in children undergoing chemotherapy, the importance of open discussion about physical changes, and stem cell transplantation as a treatment option. Test your understanding of these critical topics in pediatric cancer care.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser