Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is administered to a child who has not been immunized against varicella and is exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy?
What is administered to a child who has not been immunized against varicella and is exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy?
What is the benefit of having a frank discussion about changes in body appearance during chemotherapy?
What is the benefit of having a frank discussion about changes in body appearance during chemotherapy?
What is the purpose of transplanting immune cells from a well person's bone marrow to a child with cancer?
What is the purpose of transplanting immune cells from a well person's bone marrow to a child with cancer?
What is the term for a stem cell transplant from a twin?
What is the term for a stem cell transplant from a twin?
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Why is it necessary to take infection control precautions during the first three weeks after stem cell transplantation?
Why is it necessary to take infection control precautions during the first three weeks after stem cell transplantation?
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What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function?
What may be necessary to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function?
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What is the approximate percentage of long-term survival if a child experiences a relapse?
What is the approximate percentage of long-term survival if a child experiences a relapse?
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What is the term used to describe a situation where the cancer is still present but the tumor has decreased in size?
What is the term used to describe a situation where the cancer is still present but the tumor has decreased in size?
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How long must the decrease or absence of cancer signs last for a patient to be considered in remission?
How long must the decrease or absence of cancer signs last for a patient to be considered in remission?
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What is the goal of therapy for leukemia?
What is the goal of therapy for leukemia?
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What percentage of ALL cases involve B-lymphocyte cell characteristics?
What percentage of ALL cases involve B-lymphocyte cell characteristics?
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What is the term used by some doctors to describe cancer, such as leukemia, that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment?
What is the term used by some doctors to describe cancer, such as leukemia, that requires ongoing monitoring and treatment?
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What is a common consequence of extreme weight loss in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
What is a common consequence of extreme weight loss in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapy for anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of therapy for anorexia nervosa?
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What is the purpose of a DEXA scan in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
What is the purpose of a DEXA scan in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
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Which of the following medications may be used to treat accompanying depression and anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
Which of the following medications may be used to treat accompanying depression and anxiety in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
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Why are smaller, more frequent meals often necessary in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
Why are smaller, more frequent meals often necessary in individuals with anorexia nervosa?
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What is a potential complication of anorexia nervosa?
What is a potential complication of anorexia nervosa?
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How long can scabies mites live on a person?
How long can scabies mites live on a person?
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What is the primary way scabies is spread?
What is the primary way scabies is spread?
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What happens to the male mite after mating?
What happens to the male mite after mating?
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What is the average number of adult female mites found on an affected host during a typical infestation?
What is the average number of adult female mites found on an affected host during a typical infestation?
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What percentage of eggs laid by the female mite result in mature mites?
What percentage of eggs laid by the female mite result in mature mites?
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How can scabies mites be confirmed as the cause of an infestation?
How can scabies mites be confirmed as the cause of an infestation?
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At what age is a nephroblastoma typically discovered?
At what age is a nephroblastoma typically discovered?
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What is the primary symptom of a nephroblastoma?
What is the primary symptom of a nephroblastoma?
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Why is it important to avoid excessive abdominal palpation?
Why is it important to avoid excessive abdominal palpation?
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What is the typical treatment for a nephroblastoma?
What is the typical treatment for a nephroblastoma?
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What is the purpose of kidney function studies in a child with a nephroblastoma?
What is the purpose of kidney function studies in a child with a nephroblastoma?
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What is the potential consequence of bilateral tumor involvement?
What is the potential consequence of bilateral tumor involvement?
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Study Notes
Cancer Treatment and Management
- Zoster immune globulin may be administered to children who have not been immunized against varicella and are exposed to chickenpox during chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy causes changes in body appearance, and open discussion with children and their parents can help maintain self-esteem.
Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stem cells from a healthy person's bone marrow can be transplanted to a child with cancer to help kill remaining cancer cells.
- Types of transplants include:
- Allogenic transplant: stem cells are donated by someone who is histocompatible with the child.
- Autologous transplant: the child's own cord blood is used.
- Syngeneic transplant: stem cells are donated by a twin.
Transplantation Process
- The new stem cells enter the bone marrow and begin to function after about 3 weeks.
- The child is at extreme risk for infection during this time, and infection control precautions must be maintained.
- Blood products may be transfused to maintain functional blood components until the transplanted marrow begins to function.
Remission
- There are two types of remission:
- Partial remission: the cancer is still present, but the tumor has decreased in size or the cancer has decreased throughout the body.
- Complete remission: all signs of cancer are gone, but it does not mean the child is cured.
Leukemia Classification and Prognosis
- Leukemia is classified to define subgroups of cells and predict the usual response to treatment.
- B-lymphocyte cell types account for about 85% of instances of ALL, while T-lymphocyte cell involvement accounts for about 15%.
Cure as Goal
- The goal of therapy for leukemia is complete cure, based on the use of chemotherapeutic agents.
Anemia and Nutrition
- Anemia, leukopenia, and elevated liver enzymes are potential side effects of chemotherapy.
- Nutritional support is crucial, including reestablishment of dietary intake to restore physical health.
Scabies
- Scabies is usually spread by direct prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infested person.
- Scabies mites can live on a person for up to 1-2 months and off a person for up to 48-72 hours.
- The female mite lays up to three eggs per day for the duration of her 30-60 day lifetime.
Nephroblastoma
- A nephroblastoma is usually discovered early in life (6 months to 5 years) and arises from an embryonic structure present in the child before birth.
- Symptoms include a firm, nontender abdominal mass, hematuria, and a low-grade fever.
- Diagnosis is made through CT scan or ultrasound, and kidney function studies are performed before surgery.
Therapeutic Management of Nephroblastoma
- The tumor is removed by nephrectomy, followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
- A second surgical procedure may be scheduled after 2-3 months to remove any remaining tumor.
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Description
This quiz covers the administration of zoster immune globulin in children undergoing chemotherapy, the importance of open discussion about physical changes, and stem cell transplantation as a treatment option. Test your understanding of these critical topics in pediatric cancer care.
