Cancer Research: Molecular Targeted Therapies

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Questions and Answers

What is the abbreviation for α-ketoglutaric acid?

αKG

What method is used to measure hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry?

HDX-MS

What is the role of Mint3 in macrophages?

Mint3 enhances the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in macrophages by suppressing the activity of factor inhibiting HIF-1.

According to the references, what did DeBerardinis and Chandel discuss in their article?

They discussed the Warburg effect. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Warburg effect?

The Warburg effect is characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis in tumor cells, even in the presence of abundant oxygen. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Warburg effect significant in cancer cells?

The preference for aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells is assumed to have implications on the differentiation between cancer cells and normal cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pathway of ATP production in most normal cells?

Oxidative phosphorylation is the primary pathway of ATP production in most normal cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Warburg effect and what are the possible explanations for it?

The Warburg effect is a metabolic phenomenon where cancer cells preferentially produce energy through glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen. The possible explanations for it are adaptation to hypoxia and acceleration of production of building blocks required for cell proliferation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in cellular responses to hypoxic conditions?

HIF-1 is a key transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes necessary for cellular responses to hypoxic conditions. This includes the expression of proteins such as vascular endothelial growth factor, erythropoietin, glucose transporters, and glycolytic enzymes. Signup and view all the answers

How is the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 regulated, and what factor controls the suppression activity of HIF-1?

The transcriptional activity of HIF-1 is regulated by factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1), an asparaginyl hydroxylase that prevents HIF-1α binding to p300/CBP through modification of the Asn803 residue. Another factor, Mint3, a member of the X11 protein family, controls the suppression activity of HIF-1 by FIH-1. Signup and view all the answers

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