Cancer Overview and Staging
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of cancer cells?

  • They multiply at a faster rate than normal cells. (correct)
  • They multiply at a slower rate than normal cells.
  • They have normal membranes and cytoskeletal proteins.
  • They are only found in children.

    • What is the stage of cancer when the tumor is larger than 5 cm and has spread to 4-9 nodes?

  • Stage II
  • Stage IV
  • Stage I
  • Stage III (correct)

    • What does the TNM staging system classify cancer according to?

  • Patient weight, tumor size, and node involvement
  • Tumor size, patient age, and metabolism
  • Tumor size, patient age, and metastasis
  • Tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis (correct)

    • What does the term 'in situ' mean in cancer staging?

    <p>Cancer cells are only growing in the layer of cells where they started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Stage 0 and Stage I cancer?

    <p>Invasion of neighboring tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TNM staging system?

    <p>To classify cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of debulking in cancer treatment?

    <p>To remove part of the tumor if it can’t be removed completely and alleviate symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation therapy involves a radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

    <p>Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of curative treatment in cancer?

    <p>To remove all cancer tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of radiation therapy?

    <p>Bone marrow suppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of prophylactic treatment in cancer?

    <p>Preventing cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the radiation therapy that involves markings on the skin prior to delivery?

    <p>External Beam Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a colostomy?

    <p>To allow passage of stool through the abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the diet of a patient with a colostomy progress to liquid and then solid food?

    <p>After 36 hours of surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal color of a stoma after surgery?

    <p>Dark red to pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)?

    <p>To stimulate the formation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bristol Stool Chart used for?

    <p>To classify the severity of constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of changing the colostomy bag when it is 1/3 to 1/2 full?

    <p>To maintain skin integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of colon cancer cases arise from polyps?

    <p>Most of them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in colon cancer?

    <p>To detect colon cancer early</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?

    <p>Heavy alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a CT-guided colonoscopy in colon cancer screening?

    <p>To visualize the colon and remove polyps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the 'tumor marker' used in colon cancer screening?

    <p>CEA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of abdominal perineal (AP) resection surgery in colon cancer treatment?

    <p>To remove the rectum, sigmoid colon, and anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of cancer cells that differentiates them from normal cells?

    <p>They multiply at a faster rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the TNM staging system in cancer?

    <p>To classify cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of cancer when there is no evidence of invasion of neighboring tissue?

    <p>Stage 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a poorly differentiated cancer cell?

    <p>It has an abnormal morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'in situ' in cancer staging?

    <p>Cancer cells are growing in the original place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of cancer when the tumor is larger than 2 cm and has spread to 1-3 nodes?

    <p>Stage II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cancer cells that makes them more common in adults over the age of 60?

    <p>They are more likely to occur in adults over the age of 60</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surgery in cancer treatment?

    <p>To remove the tumor and affected tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of reconstructive/restorative treatment in cancer?

    <p>To increase function and enhance appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of radiation dermatitis on the skin?

    <p>It leads to red, itchy, and burns that can last for months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of prophylactic treatment in cancer?

    <p>To prevent cancer development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of radiation therapy that involves a radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

    <p>Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of radiation therapy on normal DNA?

    <p>It increases the risk of second malignancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of palliative treatment in cancer?

    <p>To provide symptom relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of radiation therapy on bone marrow?

    <p>It reduces immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of cancer that may begin as noncancerous polyps?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common location of colon cancer?

    <p>Rectosigmoid colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of CEA in colon cancer screening?

    <p>As a tumor marker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a maroon-colored or black stool in colon cancer?

    <p>It is a symptom of rectal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a CT-guided colonoscopy in colon cancer screening?

    <p>To visualize the colon and remove polyps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of early detection of colon cancer?

    <p>It can be cured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of colon cancer surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) in colon cancer screening?

    <p>To detect hidden blood in the stool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of VEGF?

    <p>To stimulate the formation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Bristol Stool Chart, what does Type 1 stool indicate?

    <p>Severe constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked in a colostomy bag?

    <p>For signs of leakage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When can a patient with a colostomy start eating liquid food?

    <p>After 36 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal color of a stoma after surgery?

    <p>Dark red to pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chemotherapy in colon cancer treatment?

    <p>To kill cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should a colostomy bag be changed?

    <p>When it is 1/3 to 1/2 full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of radiation therapy in colon cancer treatment?

    <p>To kill cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a VEGF inhibitor in cancer treatment?

    <p>To inhibit the formation of blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of a small amount of bleeding from the stoma after surgery?

    <p>A normal response to surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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