Cancer Overview and Staging
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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of cancer cells?

  • They multiply at a faster rate than normal cells. (correct)
  • They multiply at a slower rate than normal cells.
  • They have normal membranes and cytoskeletal proteins.
  • They are only found in children.

What is the stage of cancer when the tumor is larger than 5 cm and has spread to 4-9 nodes?

  • Stage II
  • Stage IV
  • Stage I
  • Stage III (correct)

What does the TNM staging system classify cancer according to?

  • Patient weight, tumor size, and node involvement
  • Tumor size, patient age, and metabolism
  • Tumor size, patient age, and metastasis
  • Tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis (correct)

What does the term 'in situ' mean in cancer staging?

<p>Cancer cells are only growing in the layer of cells where they started (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Stage 0 and Stage I cancer?

<p>Invasion of neighboring tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the TNM staging system?

<p>To classify cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of debulking in cancer treatment?

<p>To remove part of the tumor if it can’t be removed completely and alleviate symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of radiation therapy involves a radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

<p>Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of curative treatment in cancer?

<p>To remove all cancer tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of radiation therapy?

<p>Bone marrow suppression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of prophylactic treatment in cancer?

<p>Preventing cancer development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the radiation therapy that involves markings on the skin prior to delivery?

<p>External Beam Radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a colostomy?

<p>To allow passage of stool through the abdomen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the diet of a patient with a colostomy progress to liquid and then solid food?

<p>After 36 hours of surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal color of a stoma after surgery?

<p>Dark red to pink (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)?

<p>To stimulate the formation of blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Bristol Stool Chart used for?

<p>To classify the severity of constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of changing the colostomy bag when it is 1/3 to 1/2 full?

<p>To maintain skin integrity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of colon cancer cases arise from polyps?

<p>Most of them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of secondary prevention in colon cancer?

<p>To detect colon cancer early (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?

<p>Heavy alcohol consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a CT-guided colonoscopy in colon cancer screening?

<p>To visualize the colon and remove polyps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the 'tumor marker' used in colon cancer screening?

<p>CEA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of abdominal perineal (AP) resection surgery in colon cancer treatment?

<p>To remove the rectum, sigmoid colon, and anus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of cancer cells that differentiates them from normal cells?

<p>They multiply at a faster rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the TNM staging system in cancer?

<p>To classify cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of cancer when there is no evidence of invasion of neighboring tissue?

<p>Stage 0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a poorly differentiated cancer cell?

<p>It has an abnormal morphology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'in situ' in cancer staging?

<p>Cancer cells are growing in the original place (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of cancer when the tumor is larger than 2 cm and has spread to 1-3 nodes?

<p>Stage II (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cancer cells that makes them more common in adults over the age of 60?

<p>They are more likely to occur in adults over the age of 60 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of surgery in cancer treatment?

<p>To remove the tumor and affected tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of reconstructive/restorative treatment in cancer?

<p>To increase function and enhance appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of radiation dermatitis on the skin?

<p>It leads to red, itchy, and burns that can last for months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of prophylactic treatment in cancer?

<p>To prevent cancer development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of radiation therapy that involves a radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

<p>Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of radiation therapy on normal DNA?

<p>It increases the risk of second malignancies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of palliative treatment in cancer?

<p>To provide symptom relief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of radiation therapy on bone marrow?

<p>It reduces immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of cancer that may begin as noncancerous polyps?

<p>Colorectal cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common location of colon cancer?

<p>Rectosigmoid colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor for colon cancer?

<p>Smoking (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of CEA in colon cancer screening?

<p>As a tumor marker (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a maroon-colored or black stool in colon cancer?

<p>It is a symptom of rectal bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a CT-guided colonoscopy in colon cancer screening?

<p>To visualize the colon and remove polyps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of early detection of colon cancer?

<p>It can be cured (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of colon cancer surgery?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) in colon cancer screening?

<p>To detect hidden blood in the stool (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of VEGF?

<p>To stimulate the formation of blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bristol Stool Chart, what does Type 1 stool indicate?

<p>Severe constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be checked in a colostomy bag?

<p>For signs of leakage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When can a patient with a colostomy start eating liquid food?

<p>After 36 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal color of a stoma after surgery?

<p>Dark red to pink (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chemotherapy in colon cancer treatment?

<p>To kill cancer cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should a colostomy bag be changed?

<p>When it is 1/3 to 1/2 full (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of radiation therapy in colon cancer treatment?

<p>To kill cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a VEGF inhibitor in cancer treatment?

<p>To inhibit the formation of blood vessels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of a small amount of bleeding from the stoma after surgery?

<p>A normal response to surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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