Cancer Overview and Staging

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What is a characteristic of cancer cells?

They multiply at a faster rate than normal cells. (correct)

They are well-differentiated.

They multiply at a normal rate.

They are smaller in size than normal cells.

What is the stage of cancer when it has metastasized to another area of the body?

Stage IV (correct)

Stage III

Stage I

Stage 0

What does the 'T' in the TNM staging system represent?

Treatment options

Type of cancer

Tumor location

Tumor size (correct)

What is the purpose of the TNM staging system?

To classify cancer according to tumor size, node involvement, and metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cancer cells that are only growing in the layer of cells where they started?

In situ cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Stage I and Stage II cancer?

Tumor size Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the degree of involvement and irregularity of nodes in the TNM staging system?

N1-N3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgery in cancer treatment?

To remove the tumor Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of colon cancers are located in the rectosigmoid colon?

2/3 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for colon cancer?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

To detect hidden blood in stool Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tumor marker that can be elevated in colon cancer?

CEA Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate screening test for colon cancer?

CT-guided Colonoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of debulking in cancer treatment?

To alleviate symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation therapy involves the radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention in colon cancer?

Removal of tumors and affected tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which type of colon cancer surgery involves removal of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and anus?

Abdominal Perineal (AP) Resection Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of biopsy that is used to test suspicious lesions?

Excisional biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the genetic predisposition risk factor for colon cancer?

Family history Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the side effect of radiation therapy that causes red, itchy, and burns to the skin?

Radiation dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between external beam radiation and internal radiation?

The level of radiation exposure to others Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for cancer that begins as noncancerous polyps in the colon or rectum?

Colon cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of markings on the skin prior to radiation therapy?

To align the radiation beams Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the side effect of radiation therapy that reduces immunity?

Bone marrow suppression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a colostomy?

To create an opening to the surface of the abdomen to allow passage of stool Signup and view all the answers

When does the stoma typically begin to function?

2-3 days after surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal color of the stoma post-operatively?

Dark red to pink Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using adhesive on the skin during colostomy care?

To maintain skin integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitor?

To inhibit the growth of cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of VEGF?

To stimulate the formation of blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

Cancer Overview and Staging

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of cancer cells?

What is the stage of cancer when it has metastasized to another area of the body?

What does the 'T' in the TNM staging system represent?

What is the purpose of the TNM staging system?

What is the term for cancer cells that are only growing in the layer of cells where they started?

What is the main difference between Stage I and Stage II cancer?

What is the term for the degree of involvement and irregularity of nodes in the TNM staging system?

What is the primary goal of surgery in cancer treatment?

What percentage of colon cancers are located in the rectosigmoid colon?

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for colon cancer?

What is the primary purpose of a fecal occult blood test (FOBT)?

What is the name of the tumor marker that can be elevated in colon cancer?

What is the most accurate screening test for colon cancer?

What is the primary goal of debulking in cancer treatment?

Which type of radiation therapy involves the radiation source coming into direct contact with the tumor?

What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention in colon cancer?

Which type of colon cancer surgery involves removal of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and anus?

What is the name of the type of biopsy that is used to test suspicious lesions?

What is the name of the genetic predisposition risk factor for colon cancer?

What is the term for the side effect of radiation therapy that causes red, itchy, and burns to the skin?

What is the main difference between external beam radiation and internal radiation?

What is the term for cancer that begins as noncancerous polyps in the colon or rectum?

What is the purpose of markings on the skin prior to radiation therapy?

What is the term for the side effect of radiation therapy that reduces immunity?

What is the primary purpose of a colostomy?

When does the stoma typically begin to function?

What is the ideal color of the stoma post-operatively?

What is the purpose of using adhesive on the skin during colostomy care?

What is the purpose of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Inhibitor?

What is the primary function of VEGF?

What is the Bristol Stool Chart used for?

What is the characteristic of Type 1 stool on the Bristol Stool Chart?

What is the purpose of radiation therapy in cancer treatment?

When can a patient progress to solid food after colostomy surgery?

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