Cancer Heterogeneity and Genetic Diversity

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson
Download our mobile app to listen on the go
Get App

Questions and Answers

What type of mutations are responsible for progressing the growth of cancer?

  • Beneficial mutations
  • Phenotypic mutations
  • Driver mutations (correct)
  • Passenger mutations

What creates genetic diversity within cancer cells?

  • Clonal evolution (correct)
  • Phenotypic variations
  • Driver mutations
  • Differentiation process

According to the cancer stem cell model, which subset of cells has tumorigenic potential?

  • Cancer stem cells
  • Cells in the dominant population
  • Subset of cells (correct)
  • All cells

In the context of cancer development, what is the key function of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)?

<p>Differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for mutational events that do not benefit the cancer's growth?

<p>Passenger mutations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of evolution leads to all cells in the dominant population(s) having tumorigenic potential?

<p>Clonal evolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic mechanism of inhibiting self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia?

<p>mTOR Rapamycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is targeted to inhibit self-renewal in tumors using Gamma-secretase inhibitors?

<p>NOTCH pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetic heterogeneity, what plays a significant role in immunotherapy against tumors?

<p>MHC and NK ligands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can drug resistance be reversed in tumors according to the text?

<p>IL-4 IL-4R antagonists (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is involved in niche targeting to inhibit self-renewal in tumors?

<p>VEGF Bevacizumab (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MUC1 on colorectal cancer stem cells according to the provided text?

<p>Enhancing genetic heterogeneity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one method mentioned in the text to target cancer stem cells residing next to vasculature?

<p>Disrupting the tumour vasculature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer vaccines, which type of vaccine is Provenge specifically considered to be?

<p>Therapeutic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with Pancreatic CSCs according to the text?

<p>High EpCAM expression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MT110, the bispecific antibody discussed in the text?

<p>Redirecting cytotoxic T lymphocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What represents a method discussed in the text to improve the destruction of residual CSCs after debulking?

<p>Dendritic cellbased vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of cancer research mentioned in the text, what does H-TPDC stand for?

<p>Heterogeneous tumour-dendritic cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major limitation of the gold standard transplantation assay for identifying cancer stem cells?

<p>It does not indicate whether the cells are necessary for growth/maintenance of the primary tumor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the event where a huge amount of tumor mutations develops at early tumourigenesis?

<p>Big bang theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the cancer stem cell hierarchy in acute myeloid leukemia?

<p>Only some populations are tumourigenic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of genetic heterogeneity in tumors?

<p>Development of drug resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of phenotypic heterogeneity in tumors?

<p>Heterogeneity of secondary tumour cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the transplantation assay in identifying cancer stem cells?

<p>It can be affected by the use of immunocompromised mice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the variability in cancer survival rates?

<p>Phenotypic heterogeneity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major problem in cancer treatment?

<p>Therapeutic resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the heterogeneity of cancer cells?

<p>Different molecular subtypes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of cancer heterogeneity?

<p>Some cancer cells may be resistant to drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity?

<p>Genetic heterogeneity leads to phenotypic heterogeneity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be seen as a collection of rare genetic diseases?

<p>Cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards are hidden until you start studying

Related Documents

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser