Cancer Heterogeneity and Genetic Diversity
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Cancer Heterogeneity and Genetic Diversity

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@SaneWilliamsite

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Questions and Answers

What type of mutations are responsible for progressing the growth of cancer?

  • Beneficial mutations
  • Phenotypic mutations
  • Driver mutations (correct)
  • Passenger mutations

    • What creates genetic diversity within cancer cells?

  • Clonal evolution (correct)
  • Phenotypic variations
  • Driver mutations
  • Differentiation process

    • According to the cancer stem cell model, which subset of cells has tumorigenic potential?

  • Cancer stem cells
  • Cells in the dominant population
  • Subset of cells (correct)
  • All cells

    • In the context of cancer development, what is the key function of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for mutational events that do not benefit the cancer's growth?

    <p>Passenger mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of evolution leads to all cells in the dominant population(s) having tumorigenic potential?

    <p>Clonal evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic mechanism of inhibiting self-renewal in acute myeloid leukemia?

    <p>mTOR Rapamycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway is targeted to inhibit self-renewal in tumors using Gamma-secretase inhibitors?

    <p>NOTCH pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetic heterogeneity, what plays a significant role in immunotherapy against tumors?

    <p>MHC and NK ligands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can drug resistance be reversed in tumors according to the text?

    <p>IL-4 IL-4R antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is involved in niche targeting to inhibit self-renewal in tumors?

    <p>VEGF Bevacizumab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MUC1 on colorectal cancer stem cells according to the provided text?

    <p>Enhancing genetic heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method mentioned in the text to target cancer stem cells residing next to vasculature?

    <p>Disrupting the tumour vasculature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cancer vaccines, which type of vaccine is Provenge specifically considered to be?

    <p>Therapeutic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Pancreatic CSCs according to the text?

    <p>High EpCAM expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of MT110, the bispecific antibody discussed in the text?

    <p>Redirecting cytotoxic T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents a method discussed in the text to improve the destruction of residual CSCs after debulking?

    <p>Dendritic cellbased vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cancer research mentioned in the text, what does H-TPDC stand for?

    <p>Heterogeneous tumour-dendritic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major limitation of the gold standard transplantation assay for identifying cancer stem cells?

    <p>It does not indicate whether the cells are necessary for growth/maintenance of the primary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the event where a huge amount of tumor mutations develops at early tumourigenesis?

    <p>Big bang theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the cancer stem cell hierarchy in acute myeloid leukemia?

    <p>Only some populations are tumourigenic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of genetic heterogeneity in tumors?

    <p>Development of drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of phenotypic heterogeneity in tumors?

    <p>Heterogeneity of secondary tumour cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the transplantation assay in identifying cancer stem cells?

    <p>It can be affected by the use of immunocompromised mice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the variability in cancer survival rates?

    <p>Phenotypic heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major problem in cancer treatment?

    <p>Therapeutic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the heterogeneity of cancer cells?

    <p>Different molecular subtypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of cancer heterogeneity?

    <p>Some cancer cells may be resistant to drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity?

    <p>Genetic heterogeneity leads to phenotypic heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen as a collection of rare genetic diseases?

    <p>Cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

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