Cancer Genetics Quiz
44 Questions
10 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of mutation causes cancer in somatic cells?

  • Nonsense mutation
  • Frameshift mutation
  • Silent mutation
  • Missense mutation (correct)

    • What is the two-hit hypothesis for tumor suppressor genes?

  • Tumor suppressor genes are always inherited
  • Both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene must be mutated to cause cancer (correct)
  • Tumor suppressor genes are not involved in cancer development
  • Only one allele of a tumor suppressor gene needs to be mutated to cause cancer

    • What is the primary function of oncogenes?

  • Promote cell growth and division (correct)
  • Repair damaged DNA
  • Prevent apoptosis
  • Inhibit cell cycle progression

    • How does genetic instability relate to cancer evolution?

    <p>It allows cancer cells to accumulate more mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CAR stand for in CAR-T therapy?

    <p>Chimeric antigen receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the engineered receptors used in CAR-T therapy expressed?

    <p>In T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of incorporating receptor gene into the genome in CAR-T therapy?

    <p>Use of patient's T-cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are CAR-T therapies not as effective for solid tumors?

    <p>Accessibility issue of cancer cell antigens in solid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges associated with preventing genetic instability in cancer diagnostics?

    <p>Tumor heterogeneity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of suppressing the immune system in cancer treatment?

    <p>To prevent autoimmune reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the antitumor effect observed in the study involving SF1126 and sorafenib?

    <p>Decrease in tumor volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential reason for the increase in tumor area after 30-35 days of drug treatment?

    <p>Development of drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is associated with colorectal cancer and regulates the canonical Wnt pathway growth?

    <p>APC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene causes Li-Fraumeni syndrome and inhibits cell cycle progression and stimulates apoptosis?

    <p>TP53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is involved in TGF-beta signaling and its variants result in loss of growth inhibitory signals?

    <p>SMAD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene codes for two proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, and inactivation mutations lead to over activation of Rb and lack of activation of p53?

    <p>CDKN2A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of loss of PTEN?

    <p>Increased signaling for growth through PI3K signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genes are associated with breast and ovarian cancer and are involved in DNA repair and genetic instability?

    <p>BRCA1 and BRCA2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from loss of cell cycle control and DNA repair pathways?

    <p>Escalating levels of mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can genetic instability in cancer lead to within a cancer cell line over months to years of culture?

    <p>Significant genetic drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used for pathological/molecular analysis to identify cancer in current diagnostics?

    <p>Biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is genomic analysis for cancer moving towards for early diagnostics and specific treatment options?

    <p>NGS sequencing panels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average number of somatic cells in the human body?

    <p>40 trillion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are tumors classified based on invasiveness and likelihood of lethality?

    <p>By invasiveness and likelihood of lethality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What increases the likelihood of mistakes (mutations) in the cell cycle?

    <p>Increase in cell divisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of cancers are germ-line linked?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces most somatic mutations in cancers?

    <p>Environmental mutagens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides a selective advantage for proliferation and/or inhibition of senescence/apoptosis in cancer stem cells?

    <p>Somatic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cancer evolution involve?

    <p>Increase in population size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it more difficult to treat cancer with anticancer drugs as it grows and evolves?

    <p>Increase in mutations in cell proliferation genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bert Vogelstein and colleagues develop to describe the histological and genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis?

    <p>The Vogelgram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspects does the text emphasize related to cancer basics?

    <p>Cell biology, genetics, environmental influences, and evolutionary aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of mutant cancer genes?

    <p>Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the activation of oncogenes?

    <p>Chromosomal translocations and gene duplications/amplifications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are examples of oncogenes mentioned in the text?

    <p>RAS, MYC, and ERBB2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and RB?

    <p>Involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and growth inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of mutations in oncogenes?

    <p>Gain of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of mutations in tumor suppressor genes?

    <p>Result in loss of function through various mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cancer genes in cellular pathways?

    <p>Promote survival in harsh environments and drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does genetic instability in cancers lead to?

    <p>Chromosomal aberrations and increasing mutagenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cancer genes be used for?

    <p>Early disease detection and treatment development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are mutant forms of proto-oncogenes that code for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation?

    <p>Oncogenes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the roles of RAS, MYC, and ERBB2?

    <p>Play roles in cell growth signaling and increased signaling for growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can mutations in tumor suppressor genes result in?

    <p>Loss of function through various mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Cancer Genetics

    • Cancer genetics theory includes two main types of mutant cancer genes: oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes
    • Cancers demonstrate genetic instability, leading to chromosomal aberrations and increasing mutagenesis
    • Cancer genes are involved in cellular pathways that promote survival in harsh environments and drug resistance
    • Different types of cancers harbor a variety of cancer genes, with some mutations being cancer-type specific
    • Cancer genes can be used for early disease detection and treatment development
    • Oncogenes are mutant forms of proto-oncogenes that code for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation
    • Mutations in oncogenes typically result in a gain of function and are often caused by somatic mutations
    • Examples of oncogenes include RAS, MYC, and ERBB2, which play roles in cell growth signaling and increased signaling for growth
    • Chromosomal translocations and gene duplications/amplifications can lead to the activation of oncogenes
    • Tumor suppressor genes like TP53 and RB are involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and growth inhibition
    • Tumor suppressor genes can be "driver genes" that initiate cancer progression and "follower genes" that facilitate cancer cell survival
    • Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can result in loss of function through various mechanisms, with most mutations being somatic

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    MS523.L20.Cancer Genetics.Q2.22.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cancer genetics with this quiz! Explore the role of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, genetic instability, cellular pathways, and the potential for early disease detection and treatment development.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser