Cancer Diagnosis and Staging
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Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of differentiation?

  • They are usually well-differentiated (correct)
  • They are usually moderately-differentiated
  • They are usually poorly-differentiated
  • They can show any level of differentiation

    • What is the term for a mass of disorganized indigenous tissue?

  • Leukemia
  • Nevus
  • Hamartoma (correct)
  • Choristoma

    • What does anaplasia indicate?

  • A tumor with both benign and malignant characteristics
  • A benign tumor
  • A malignant tumor (correct)
  • A well-differentiated tumor

    • What is the term for a heterotopic rest of cells?

    <p>Choristoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for how much tumor cells resemble their cells of origin?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a malignant tumor that sounds benign?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a tumor that is composed of more than one neoplastic cell type derived from one germ cell layer?

    <p>Mixed tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which normal cells become cancerous?

    <p>Malignant transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the malignant counterpart of a fibroma?

    <p>Fibrosarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the epithelial lining of glands or ducts?

    <p>Adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble normal cells?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the malignant counterpart of a lipoma?

    <p>Liposarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process by which neoplastic cells invade surrounding tissues?

    <p>Local invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body?

    <p>Distant metastases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a tumor that arises from the tissue of hematopoietic cells?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the loss of cellular differentiation?

    <p>Anaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Leiomyoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a very well differentiated neoplasm?

    <p>Neoplastic cells are identical to normal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the respiratory passages?

    <p>Bronchogenic carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the endothelial and related tissues?

    <p>Hemangioma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a benign neoplasm that resembles normal myometrial cells?

    <p>Leiomyoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the classification of neoplasms based on their degree of differentiation?

    <p>Spectrum of differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the melanocytes?

    <p>Malignant melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a tumor that arises from the totipotent cells in the gonads or in embryonic rests?

    <p>Teratocarcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does T1N1M0 signify in tumor staging?

    <p>Primary tumor is within the organ, has spread to local lymph nodes, no metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer has seen an increase in death rates for women due to more smokers?

    <p>Lung cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental carcinogen is associated with cervical carcinoma?

    <p>HPV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occupational carcinogen is linked to mesothelioma?

    <p>Asbestos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer has had a decrease in death rates due to pap smears?

    <p>Cervical cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many new cases of cancer were there last year according to the text?

    <p>1.4 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is most common in men?

    <p>Prostate cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which occupational carcinogen is associated with angiosarcoma and liver cancer?

    <p>Vinyl chloride</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated regarding cellular anaplasia in the text?

    <p>It is less marked in carcinoma than in sarcoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines differentiation according to the text?

    <p>Tumor cell arrangement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about cell cohesion in carcinoma?

    <p>It is typically absent and tumor cells occur singly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do blood vessels in carcinomas compare to those in sarcomas?

    <p>They are more numerous and thin-walled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What description is given for hemorrhage, necrosis, and secondary changes in carcinomas?

    <p>They are common in carcinomas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding distant spread, how do sarcomas typically behave?

    <p>They usually spread early through blood and rarely through lymphatics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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