38 Questions
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of differentiation?
They are usually well-differentiated
What is the term for a mass of disorganized indigenous tissue?
Hamartoma
What does anaplasia indicate?
A malignant tumor
What is the term for a heterotopic rest of cells?
Choristoma
What is the term for how much tumor cells resemble their cells of origin?
Differentiation
What is an example of a malignant tumor that sounds benign?
All of the above
What is the term for a tumor that is composed of more than one neoplastic cell type derived from one germ cell layer?
Mixed tumor
What is the process by which normal cells become cancerous?
Malignant transformation
What is the malignant counterpart of a fibroma?
Fibrosarcoma
What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the epithelial lining of glands or ducts?
Adenoma
What is the term used to describe the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble normal cells?
Differentiation
What is the malignant counterpart of a lipoma?
Liposarcoma
What is the term used to describe the process by which neoplastic cells invade surrounding tissues?
Local invasion
What is the term used to describe the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body?
Distant metastases
What is the term for a tumor that arises from the tissue of hematopoietic cells?
Leukemia
What is the term used to describe the loss of cellular differentiation?
Anaplasia
What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells?
Leiomyoma
What is the characteristic of a very well differentiated neoplasm?
Neoplastic cells are identical to normal cells
What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the respiratory passages?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the endothelial and related tissues?
Hemangioma
What is an example of a benign neoplasm that resembles normal myometrial cells?
Leiomyoma
What is the term used to describe the classification of neoplasms based on their degree of differentiation?
Spectrum of differentiation
What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the melanocytes?
Malignant melanoma
What is the term for a tumor that arises from the totipotent cells in the gonads or in embryonic rests?
Teratocarcinoma
What does T1N1M0 signify in tumor staging?
Primary tumor is within the organ, has spread to local lymph nodes, no metastasis
Which cancer has seen an increase in death rates for women due to more smokers?
Lung cancer
Which environmental carcinogen is associated with cervical carcinoma?
HPV
Which occupational carcinogen is linked to mesothelioma?
Asbestos
Which type of cancer has had a decrease in death rates due to pap smears?
Cervical cancer
How many new cases of cancer were there last year according to the text?
1.4 million
Which type of cancer is most common in men?
Prostate cancer
Which occupational carcinogen is associated with angiosarcoma and liver cancer?
Vinyl chloride
What is indicated regarding cellular anaplasia in the text?
It is less marked in carcinoma than in sarcoma
What determines differentiation according to the text?
Tumor cell arrangement
What is true about cell cohesion in carcinoma?
It is typically absent and tumor cells occur singly.
How do blood vessels in carcinomas compare to those in sarcomas?
They are more numerous and thin-walled.
What description is given for hemorrhage, necrosis, and secondary changes in carcinomas?
They are common in carcinomas.
Regarding distant spread, how do sarcomas typically behave?
They usually spread early through blood and rarely through lymphatics.
This quiz covers the biology of tumors, grading, differentiation, and staging, including the TNM system for staging cancer progression.
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