Cancer Diagnosis and Staging

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of differentiation?

  • They are usually well-differentiated (correct)
  • They are usually moderately-differentiated
  • They are usually poorly-differentiated
  • They can show any level of differentiation

What is the term for a mass of disorganized indigenous tissue?

  • Leukemia
  • Nevus
  • Hamartoma (correct)
  • Choristoma

What does anaplasia indicate?

  • A tumor with both benign and malignant characteristics
  • A benign tumor
  • A malignant tumor (correct)
  • A well-differentiated tumor

What is the term for a heterotopic rest of cells?

<p>Choristoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for how much tumor cells resemble their cells of origin?

<p>Differentiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a malignant tumor that sounds benign?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that is composed of more than one neoplastic cell type derived from one germ cell layer?

<p>Mixed tumor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which normal cells become cancerous?

<p>Malignant transformation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant counterpart of a fibroma?

<p>Fibrosarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the epithelial lining of glands or ducts?

<p>Adenoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the extent to which neoplastic cells resemble normal cells?

<p>Differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the malignant counterpart of a lipoma?

<p>Liposarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process by which neoplastic cells invade surrounding tissues?

<p>Local invasion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the spread of cancer cells to distant parts of the body?

<p>Distant metastases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that arises from the tissue of hematopoietic cells?

<p>Leukemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the loss of cellular differentiation?

<p>Anaplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the smooth muscle cells?

<p>Leiomyoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a very well differentiated neoplasm?

<p>Neoplastic cells are identical to normal cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the epithelial cells of the respiratory passages?

<p>Bronchogenic carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a benign tumor that arises from the endothelial and related tissues?

<p>Hemangioma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a benign neoplasm that resembles normal myometrial cells?

<p>Leiomyoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the classification of neoplasms based on their degree of differentiation?

<p>Spectrum of differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a malignant tumor that arises from the melanocytes?

<p>Malignant melanoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tumor that arises from the totipotent cells in the gonads or in embryonic rests?

<p>Teratocarcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does T1N1M0 signify in tumor staging?

<p>Primary tumor is within the organ, has spread to local lymph nodes, no metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer has seen an increase in death rates for women due to more smokers?

<p>Lung cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental carcinogen is associated with cervical carcinoma?

<p>HPV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational carcinogen is linked to mesothelioma?

<p>Asbestos (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer has had a decrease in death rates due to pap smears?

<p>Cervical cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many new cases of cancer were there last year according to the text?

<p>1.4 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is most common in men?

<p>Prostate cancer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which occupational carcinogen is associated with angiosarcoma and liver cancer?

<p>Vinyl chloride (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated regarding cellular anaplasia in the text?

<p>It is less marked in carcinoma than in sarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines differentiation according to the text?

<p>Tumor cell arrangement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about cell cohesion in carcinoma?

<p>It is typically absent and tumor cells occur singly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do blood vessels in carcinomas compare to those in sarcomas?

<p>They are more numerous and thin-walled. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What description is given for hemorrhage, necrosis, and secondary changes in carcinomas?

<p>They are common in carcinomas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding distant spread, how do sarcomas typically behave?

<p>They usually spread early through blood and rarely through lymphatics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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