Cancer Development and Treatment Strategies
45 Questions
0 Views

Cancer Development and Treatment Strategies

Created by
@CongratulatoryIntelligence5915

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary consequence of alkylation on DNA synthesis?

  • Inhibition of topoisomerase
  • Stimulation of DNA transcription
  • Induction of DNA repair mechanisms
  • Formation of covalent bonds between DNA strands (correct)

    • What is the primary effect of nitrosoureas on bone marrow?

  • Enhanced differentiation of stem cells
  • Severe effect on replicative capacity (correct)
  • Stimulation of replicative capacity
  • No effect on replicative capacity

    • During which phase of the cell cycle are cells most susceptible to alkylating agents?

  • Late G1 and S phase (correct)
  • M phase
  • G2 phase
  • Early G1 phase

    • Which of the following statements is true about methotrexate?

    <p>It can be inhibited by dietary folate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of platinum-based DNA synthesis inhibitors?

    <p>Lots of vomiting and nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mechanism of action of 5-FU?

    <p>Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents in cancer treatment?

    <p>Formation of covalent bonds in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common side effect of cyclophosphamide and methotrexate?

    <p>Bone marrow depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of platinum-based DNA synthesis inhibitors?

    <p>Water-soluble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a route of administration for methotrexate?

    <p>Subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is commonly treated with platinum-based DNA synthesis inhibitors?

    <p>Solid tumours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of carboplatin?

    <p>Alkylation of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of doxorubicin?

    <p>Inhibition of topoisomerase II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a side effect of doxorubicin?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common mechanism of action of plant derivatives such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes?

    <p>Binding to microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of etoposide on the cell cycle?

    <p>Blocks cells in late S or G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a natural source of etoposide?

    <p>Mandrake root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which fluorouracil prevents DNA synthesis?

    <p>By preventing methylation of the uracil analogue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Fludarabine on DNA synthesis?

    <p>It is used as a substrate for DNA polymerase and inhibits its active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Cytarabine inhibits DNA synthesis?

    <p>It binds to DNA polymerase and inhibits its action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which cytotoxic antibiotics affect nucleic acid structures?

    <p>By modifying DNA through topoisomerase inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of fluorouracil and Cytarabine?

    <p>Epithelial/mucosal layer damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Penostatin inhibits DNA synthesis?

    <p>By inhibiting adenosine deaminase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lomustine is a nitrogen mustard.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate is a purine analogue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thymidylate synthetase is inhibited by 5-FU.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carboplatin has more side effects compared to cisplatin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Methotrexate can be administered through subcutaneous injection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intra-strand linking and crosslinking occurs between N7 & O6 of adjacent adenines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cisplatin is not used to treat solid tumours.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Platinum-based DNA synthesis inhibitors are highly myelotoxic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carboplatin is an oral medication.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary mechanism of action of alkylating agents is to inhibit DNA synthesis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxorubicin inhibits topoisomerase I.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vinca alkaloids target microtubules.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etoposide is derived from the bark of the Pacific Yew tree.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Taxanes are derived from the periwinkle plant.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Doxorubicin is given orally.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Etoposide binds to the complex formed between DNA and topoisomerase.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluorouracil is a nucleoside analogue that binds to DNA polymerase and inhibits its action.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytarabine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analogue that inhibits purine metabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fludarabine is metabolized to a monophosphate form that inhibits active site of DNA polymerase.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Penostatin inhibits adenosine deaminase, leading to increased purine metabolism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cytotoxic antibiotics, such as anthracyclines, are recommended for use in combination with radiation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    5-FU is an analogue of 2’-deoxycytidine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Development and Treatment

    • Cancer development involves the integration of cellular signaling pathways and cell death mechanisms
    • Principles of cancer development include:
      • Cellular signaling involved in cancer development and cell death
      • Specific drug mechanisms
      • Treatment strategies related to cancer development
      • Tailoring treatment strategies based on distinctive features of normal and cancerous cells

    DNA Synthesis Inhibitors

    • Inhibit one or more metabolic pathways involved in DNA synthesis
    • Types of DNA synthesis inhibitors:
      • Folate antagonists (e.g. Methotrexate)
        • Inhibit dihydrofolate reductase
        • Competitive inhibitor with higher affinity than dihydrofolate
        • Side effects: bone marrow depression, epithelial/mucosal layer damage
      • Pyrimidine analogues (e.g. 5-FU)
        • Inhibit thymidylate synthase
        • Activate DNA damage response
        • Side effects: myelotoxicity, epithelial/mucosal layer damage, nausea and vomiting
      • Purine analogues (e.g. Fludarabine)
        • Metabolized to a trisphosphate form
        • Inhibit active site of DNA polymerase
        • Side effects: myelosuppression
      • Nucleoside analogues (e.g. Cytarabine)
        • Analogue of 2'-deoxycytidine
        • Inhibit DNA polymerase
        • Side effects: bone marrow depression, epithelial/mucosal layer damage, nausea and vomiting

    DNA Damaging Agents

    • Alkylating agents:
      • Form covalent bonds in DNA, impeding replication
      • Intra-strand linking and crosslinking
      • Most susceptible in late G1 and S phase of cell cycle
      • Examples: nitrogen mustards (e.g. Cyclophosphamide), nitrosoureas (e.g. Lomustine)
    • Platinum-based agents:
      • Water-soluble
      • Slow IV or infusion
      • Used in solid tumors (e.g. testes, ovary)
      • Side effects: highly nephrotoxic, low myelotoxicity, vomiting and nausea
      • Examples: cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaloplatin

    Cytotoxic Antibiotics

    • Affect nucleic acid structures
    • Main mechanism: DNA modification
    • Examples: anthracyclines (e.g. Doxorubicin), bleomycin
    • Side effects: nausea and vomiting, loss of hair, myelosuppression, cardiotoxicity

    Plant Derivatives

    • Naturally occurring products
    • Often target microtubules
    • Types: vinca alkaloids (e.g. vinblastine), taxanes (e.g. paclitaxel), others (e.g. etoposide)
    • Side effects: myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, alopecia, etc.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    BMS2047 Anti-Cancer Treatments 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of cancer development, cellular signaling, and treatment strategies. Learn how to integrate knowledge of cellular signaling in cancer development and cell death to specific drug mechanisms. Understand the principles of cancer development and describe treatment strategies.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser