Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of cancer development as described?
What is the primary cause of cancer development as described?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the risk of developing cancer?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing the risk of developing cancer?
Which cancers are positively associated with increasing socio-economic status?
Which cancers are positively associated with increasing socio-economic status?
What environmental factor has contributed to increased bowel cancer incidence?
What environmental factor has contributed to increased bowel cancer incidence?
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How does poverty influence lifestyle choices related to cancer prevention?
How does poverty influence lifestyle choices related to cancer prevention?
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What is the primary cause of cancer among men and women?
What is the primary cause of cancer among men and women?
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By what percentage have cancer incidence rates increased since the early 90s in the UK?
By what percentage have cancer incidence rates increased since the early 90s in the UK?
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What is a significant economic impact of cancer on the UK labor force?
What is a significant economic impact of cancer on the UK labor force?
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How much is expected to be contributed to the UK economy by individuals under 70 who died from cancer in 2018?
How much is expected to be contributed to the UK economy by individuals under 70 who died from cancer in 2018?
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Which of the following is a direct strategy to improve cancer survival rates?
Which of the following is a direct strategy to improve cancer survival rates?
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What lifestyle changes can help reduce the incidence of preventable cancers?
What lifestyle changes can help reduce the incidence of preventable cancers?
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What organization conducts research into the causes of cancer?
What organization conducts research into the causes of cancer?
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How has skin cancer incidence changed over the past decades?
How has skin cancer incidence changed over the past decades?
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Flashcards
Cancer Development
Cancer Development
Cancer develops when mutations in a cell's DNA cause uncontrolled growth.
Carcinogens
Carcinogens
Carcinogens are chemicals or substances that can cause cancer.
Socio-Economic Impact
Socio-Economic Impact
Cancer frequency varies by socio-economic status, affecting risk levels.
Preventable Cancers
Preventable Cancers
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Obesity and Cancer Risk
Obesity and Cancer Risk
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Smoking and Cancer
Smoking and Cancer
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Cancer Incidence in the UK
Cancer Incidence in the UK
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Cancer Deaths Daily
Cancer Deaths Daily
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Ageing Population and Cancer Rates
Ageing Population and Cancer Rates
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Economic Impact of Cancer
Economic Impact of Cancer
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Deprivation and Cancer Rates
Deprivation and Cancer Rates
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Skin Cancer Prevention Strategies
Skin Cancer Prevention Strategies
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Cancer Research Focus Areas
Cancer Research Focus Areas
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Study Notes
Cancer Development and Risk Factors
- Cancer develops when DNA mutations cause uncontrolled cell growth.
- Carcinogens (environmental chemicals) can cause mutations.
- Risk factors include: exposure time, genetics, diet, lifestyle, health, age, gender.
- Cancer frequency varies between socioeconomic groups. Higher socioeconomic status is linked to higher risks of colon, prostate, breast, and skin cancers; lower socioeconomic status is linked to higher risks of lung, stomach, oropharyngeal, esophageal, and cervical cancers.
- Environmental risk factors account for at least two-thirds of cancer cases in developed countries. Lifestyle choices are often influenced by poverty.
Lifestyle-Related Cancers
- Some cancers are preventable through lifestyle changes.
- Increased wealth is linked to increased sunbathing/sunbed use, which increases skin cancer risk.
- Changes in diet (increased meat, dairy, fast food) are correlated with bowel cancer increases.
- Increased alcohol consumption (with rising income) increases oral, esophageal, and liver cancer risk.
- Lack of exercise and dietary changes contribute to obesity, increasing cancer and cardiovascular disease risks.
- Smoking remains a major cause of cancer in men and women. Twenty percent of UK-diagnosed cancers are smoking-related.
Cancer in the UK
- 980 people are diagnosed with cancer and 440 die each day in the UK.
- Cancer incidence has increased 12% since the early 90s due to an aging population.
- Projection of over 514,000 new cancer cases per year by 2035 (40% increase).
- 35,000 working-age people die from cancer annually, impacting the workforce.
- 120,000 diagnosed under 65, many not returning to work.
- Over a million people in the UK care for someone with cancer, impacting economic productivity.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer
- Cancer rates in deprived areas of the UK are significantly higher than in affluent areas.
- Rate for some cancers in the poorest areas are up to 3 times greater than in the most affluent.
- Survival chances are better in affluent areas for some cancers compared to deprived areas (e.g., 14.2% higher bladder cancer survival rate).
Strategies for Cancer Prevention and Treatment
- Direct strategies: Invest in advanced medical technology (radiotherapy, endoscopy), reduce waiting times for diagnosis and treatment.
- Indirect strategies: Promote lifestyle changes (health campaigns), focusing on reducing smoking, excessive drinking and poor diets.
- International Agencies and Charities: Conducting research into causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatments.
Skin Cancer
- Skin cancer rates are rising annually (3% increase), partly due to increased sunbathing and sunbed use.
- Government interventions include controlling commercial sunbed use (age limits, staff training), public awareness campaigns.
- UV intensity forecasts and safe exposure limits are provided by the MET office during summer.
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Description
This quiz explores the causes and contributing factors to cancer development, focusing on DNA mutations and environmental influences. It examines lifestyle-related risk factors and their impact on different socioeconomic groups. Test your knowledge on how lifestyle changes can prevent certain cancers.
