Cancer Biology Topic 5: Cancer Treatments
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of intraoperative radiation therapy?

  • To target proteins that control how cancer cells grow
  • To protect nearby normal tissues from radiation (correct)
  • To make it easier to eat during radiation therapy
  • To kill cancer cells that remain after surgery

    • Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets only proteins that control how cancer cells spread.

    False

    What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

  • To relieve cancer symptoms
  • To shrink tumors
  • To cure cancer
  • To stop or slow the growth of cancer cells (correct)

    • What are the two types of targeted therapies?

    <p>Small-molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemotherapy is only used to treat a specific type of cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main reasons chemotherapy is used in cancer treatment?

    <p>To treat cancer and to ease cancer symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation therapy can cause side effects that make it hard to eat, such as _______________________.

    <p>nausea, mouth sores, and throat problems called esophagitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemotherapy can be used to ______ a tumor so that other treatments, such as radiation and surgery, are possible.

    <p>shrink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of targeted therapies with their characteristics:

    <p>Small-molecule drugs = Small enough to enter cells easily Monoclonal antibodies = Proteins produced in the lab to attach to specific targets on cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?

    <p>To relieve cancer symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of eating enough calories and protein during radiation therapy?

    <p>To maintain weight during treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Targeted therapy is the foundation of traditional medicine.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemotherapy is only used as a standalone treatment for cancer.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cancer treatments with their descriptions:

    <p>A) Chemotherapy = Uses drugs to kill cancer cells B) Radiation Therapy = Uses radiation to kill cancer cells C) Targeted Drug Therapy = Targets specific cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapy?

    <p>To attach to specific targets on cancer cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system or directly stopping them from growing or causing them to self-destruct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important factor in determining which types of treatment are needed for a person with cancer?

    <p>The type of cancer, whether it has spread, and other health problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of external beam radiation therapy?

    <p>Specific part of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Internal radiation therapy is used to treat the whole body.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the internal radiation therapy that uses solid sources of radiation?

    <p>Brachytherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brachytherapy is most often used to treat cancers of the ______________ and neck.

    <p>head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the systemic radiation therapy used to treat certain types of thyroid cancer?

    <p>I-131</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation therapy is only used to treat cancer.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of radiation therapy with their uses:

    <p>External beam radiation therapy = Treats a specific part of the body Brachytherapy = Treats cancers of the head and neck Targeted radionuclide therapy = Treats advanced prostate cancer I-131 = Treats certain types of thyroid cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of giving radiation therapy before surgery?

    <p>To shrink the size of the cancer so it can be removed by surgery and be less likely to return.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may targeted therapy work best when used with more than one type of targeted therapy or with other cancer treatments?

    <p>Because of resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Targeted therapy is always less toxic than chemotherapy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common side effects of targeted therapy?

    <p>Diarrhea and liver problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Small-molecule drugs are usually given in the form of ______________.

    <p>pills or capsules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can you receive targeted therapy?

    <p>At home, in a doctor's office, clinic, or outpatient unit in a hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how often and how long you receive targeted therapy?

    <p>Your type of cancer, how advanced it is, and the type of targeted therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following with their characteristics:

    <p>Monoclonal antibodies = Given through a needle in a blood vein Small-molecule drugs = Pills or capsules that can be swallowed Targeted therapy = Causes serious side effects Outpatient unit = You do not spend the night in the hospital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Targeted therapy can cause mouth sores as a side effect.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy?

    <p>To make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Severe side effects always mean that chemotherapy is working well.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common side effect of chemotherapy?

    <p>fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemotherapy can cause side effects because it kills or slows the growth of _______________ cells that grow and divide quickly.

    <p>healthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following chemotherapy uses with their descriptions:

    <p>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy = Make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy Adjuvant chemotherapy = Destroy cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiation therapy Palliative chemotherapy = Kill cancer cells that have returned or spread to other parts of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the factors that determines which chemotherapy drugs are included in your treatment plan?

    <p>The type of cancer you have and how advanced it is</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You can tell if chemotherapy is working based on how you feel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some tests that your doctor may order to check if chemotherapy is working?

    <p>blood tests, CT, or PET scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Treatments

    Treatment of Cancer by Chemotherapy

    • Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
    • It works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly.
    • Chemotherapy can be used to:
    • Shrink a tumor so that other treatments, such as radiation and surgery, are possible.
    • Relieve signs and symptoms of cancer by killing some of the cancer cells.
    • Chemotherapy can treat many types of cancer, and the type of treatment depends on the type of cancer, its spread, and other health problems.
    • Chemotherapy can be used to:
    • Cure cancer
    • Lessen the chance of cancer returning
    • Stop or slow the growth of cancer
    • Ease cancer symptoms
    • Chemotherapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as radiation and surgery.

    Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer

    • Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
    • External beam radiation therapy is a local treatment that targets a specific part of the body.
    • Internal radiation therapy, also known as brachytherapy, involves placing a radiation source inside the body.
    • Radiation therapy can be used to treat many types of cancer, including:
    • Head and neck cancer
    • Breast cancer
    • Cervical cancer
    • Prostate cancer
    • Eye cancer
    • Thyroid cancer
    • Radiation therapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy.
    • Special diet needs may be necessary during radiation therapy to manage side effects, such as:
    • Nausea
    • Mouth sores
    • Esophagitis

    Cancer Treatment by Targeted Drug Therapy

    • Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow, divide, and spread.
    • It is a foundation of precision medicine.
    • Targeted therapies can be either small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies.
    • Small-molecule drugs target proteins inside cells.
    • Monoclonal antibodies target proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
    • Targeted therapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation.
    • Side effects of targeted therapy can include:
    • Diarrhea
    • Liver problems
    • Fatigue
    • Mouth sores
    • Nail changes
    • Skin problems
    • Hair loss
    • Targeted therapy can be given in a doctor's office, clinic, or outpatient unit in a hospital.

    Chemotherapy Side Effects

    • Chemotherapy can cause side effects, including:
    • Fatigue
    • Mouth sores
    • Nausea
    • Hair loss
    • Diarrhea
    • Liver problems
    • Side effects often get better or go away after chemotherapy is finished.
    • The doctor will decide which chemotherapy drugs to give based on the type of cancer, its spread, and other health problems.
    • The effectiveness of chemotherapy is monitored through regular doctor visits, physical exams, and medical tests and scans.

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    Cancer Biology Lecture 5 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy. Learn about the different types of cancer treatments and how they work.

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