40 Questions
What is the purpose of intraoperative radiation therapy?
To protect nearby normal tissues from radiation
Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets only proteins that control how cancer cells spread.
False
What is the primary goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?
To stop or slow the growth of cancer cells
What are the two types of targeted therapies?
Small-molecule drugs and monoclonal antibodies
Chemotherapy is only used to treat a specific type of cancer.
False
What are the two main reasons chemotherapy is used in cancer treatment?
To treat cancer and to ease cancer symptoms
Radiation therapy can cause side effects that make it hard to eat, such as _______________________.
nausea, mouth sores, and throat problems called esophagitis
Chemotherapy can be used to ______ a tumor so that other treatments, such as radiation and surgery, are possible.
shrink
Match the following types of targeted therapies with their characteristics:
Small-molecule drugs = Small enough to enter cells easily Monoclonal antibodies = Proteins produced in the lab to attach to specific targets on cancer cells
What is another goal of chemotherapy in cancer treatment?
To relieve cancer symptoms
What is the importance of eating enough calories and protein during radiation therapy?
To maintain weight during treatment
Targeted therapy is the foundation of traditional medicine.
False
Chemotherapy is only used as a standalone treatment for cancer.
False
Match the following cancer treatments with their descriptions:
A) Chemotherapy = Uses drugs to kill cancer cells B) Radiation Therapy = Uses radiation to kill cancer cells C) Targeted Drug Therapy = Targets specific cancer cells
What is the purpose of monoclonal antibodies in targeted therapy?
To attach to specific targets on cancer cells, marking them for destruction by the immune system or directly stopping them from growing or causing them to self-destruct
What is an important factor in determining which types of treatment are needed for a person with cancer?
The type of cancer, whether it has spread, and other health problems
What is the primary focus of external beam radiation therapy?
Specific part of the body
Internal radiation therapy is used to treat the whole body.
False
What is the name of the internal radiation therapy that uses solid sources of radiation?
Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy is most often used to treat cancers of the ______________ and neck.
head
What is the name of the systemic radiation therapy used to treat certain types of thyroid cancer?
I-131
Radiation therapy is only used to treat cancer.
True
Match the following types of radiation therapy with their uses:
External beam radiation therapy = Treats a specific part of the body Brachytherapy = Treats cancers of the head and neck Targeted radionuclide therapy = Treats advanced prostate cancer I-131 = Treats certain types of thyroid cancer
What is the purpose of giving radiation therapy before surgery?
To shrink the size of the cancer so it can be removed by surgery and be less likely to return.
Why may targeted therapy work best when used with more than one type of targeted therapy or with other cancer treatments?
Because of resistance
Targeted therapy is always less toxic than chemotherapy.
False
What are the most common side effects of targeted therapy?
Diarrhea and liver problems
Small-molecule drugs are usually given in the form of ______________.
pills or capsules
Where can you receive targeted therapy?
At home, in a doctor's office, clinic, or outpatient unit in a hospital
What determines how often and how long you receive targeted therapy?
Your type of cancer, how advanced it is, and the type of targeted therapy
Match the following with their characteristics:
Monoclonal antibodies = Given through a needle in a blood vein Small-molecule drugs = Pills or capsules that can be swallowed Targeted therapy = Causes serious side effects Outpatient unit = You do not spend the night in the hospital
Targeted therapy can cause mouth sores as a side effect.
True
What is the purpose of neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
To make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy
Severe side effects always mean that chemotherapy is working well.
False
What is the most common side effect of chemotherapy?
fatigue
Chemotherapy can cause side effects because it kills or slows the growth of _______________ cells that grow and divide quickly.
healthy
Match the following chemotherapy uses with their descriptions:
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy = Make a tumor smaller before surgery or radiation therapy Adjuvant chemotherapy = Destroy cancer cells that may remain after surgery or radiation therapy Palliative chemotherapy = Kill cancer cells that have returned or spread to other parts of the body
What is one of the factors that determines which chemotherapy drugs are included in your treatment plan?
The type of cancer you have and how advanced it is
You can tell if chemotherapy is working based on how you feel.
False
What are some tests that your doctor may order to check if chemotherapy is working?
blood tests, CT, or PET scans
Study Notes
Cancer Treatments
Treatment of Cancer by Chemotherapy
- Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
- It works by stopping or slowing the growth of cancer cells, which grow and divide quickly.
- Chemotherapy can be used to:
- Shrink a tumor so that other treatments, such as radiation and surgery, are possible.
- Relieve signs and symptoms of cancer by killing some of the cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy can treat many types of cancer, and the type of treatment depends on the type of cancer, its spread, and other health problems.
- Chemotherapy can be used to:
- Cure cancer
- Lessen the chance of cancer returning
- Stop or slow the growth of cancer
- Ease cancer symptoms
- Chemotherapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as radiation and surgery.
Radiation Therapy to Treat Cancer
- Radiation therapy uses high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
- External beam radiation therapy is a local treatment that targets a specific part of the body.
- Internal radiation therapy, also known as brachytherapy, involves placing a radiation source inside the body.
- Radiation therapy can be used to treat many types of cancer, including:
- Head and neck cancer
- Breast cancer
- Cervical cancer
- Prostate cancer
- Eye cancer
- Thyroid cancer
- Radiation therapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as surgery and chemotherapy.
- Special diet needs may be necessary during radiation therapy to manage side effects, such as:
- Nausea
- Mouth sores
- Esophagitis
Cancer Treatment by Targeted Drug Therapy
- Targeted therapy is a type of cancer treatment that targets proteins that control how cancer cells grow, divide, and spread.
- It is a foundation of precision medicine.
- Targeted therapies can be either small-molecule drugs or monoclonal antibodies.
- Small-molecule drugs target proteins inside cells.
- Monoclonal antibodies target proteins on the surface of cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy can be used with other cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation.
- Side effects of targeted therapy can include:
- Diarrhea
- Liver problems
- Fatigue
- Mouth sores
- Nail changes
- Skin problems
- Hair loss
- Targeted therapy can be given in a doctor's office, clinic, or outpatient unit in a hospital.
Chemotherapy Side Effects
- Chemotherapy can cause side effects, including:
- Fatigue
- Mouth sores
- Nausea
- Hair loss
- Diarrhea
- Liver problems
- Side effects often get better or go away after chemotherapy is finished.
- The doctor will decide which chemotherapy drugs to give based on the type of cancer, its spread, and other health problems.
- The effectiveness of chemotherapy is monitored through regular doctor visits, physical exams, and medical tests and scans.
This quiz covers cancer treatments including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapy. Learn about the different types of cancer treatments and how they work.
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