Cancer Biology Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the term used to describe the process where a malignant change occurs in a target cell?

Transformation (correct)

Metastasis

Anaplasia

Differentiation

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anaplasia?

Prominent nucleoli

Loss of polarity

Nuclear pleomorphism

Well-defined cell borders (correct)

What is the significance of a well-differentiated neoplasm?

It is a sign of rapid cell division and growth.

It is more likely to be benign and have a better prognosis. (correct)

It is a sign of the presence of metastasis.

It is more likely to be malignant and have a worse prognosis.

Which of these processes involves the spread of cancer cells to distant sites?

Metastasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of cells changing from an epithelial to a mesenchymal state?

EMT (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a marker characteristic of epithelial cells?

FSP1 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of EMT in embryonic development?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between anaplasia and prognosis?

Anaplasia is associated with a worse prognosis. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following animals does NOT undergo a full Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) during gastrulation?

African Clawed Frog (Xenopus laevis) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of host fibroblasts in the context of invasive carcinoma?

Production of chemoattractants to stimulate tumor cell motility (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tumor cells in the process of angiogenesis in the context of invasive carcinoma?

Production of growth factors to stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and permeability (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is associated with a benign tumor of glandular and fibromyxoid stroma?

Pleomorphic adenoma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure on the surface of carcinoma cells that serves as a docking site for latent enzymes like MMPs and uPA?

Invadopodia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a malignant tumor?

Invasive growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of MMPs and uPA in the context of invasive carcinoma?

Degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), clearing a pathway for tumor invasion (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the relationship between tumor cells and host stromal cells in the context of invasive carcinoma?

Tumor cells exclusively rely on stromal cells for invasion and metastasis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a malignant tumor that arises from mesenchymal tissue?

Chondrosarcoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'zone of cross-talk and cooperation' between stromal cells and premalignant epithelium in the context of tumor invasion?

This zone facilitates the exchange of signaling molecules, leading to a breakdown of normal tissue boundaries (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a malignant tumor that sounds benign?

Fibroadenoma (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the interaction between tumor cells and stromal cells contribute to the development of invasive carcinoma?

The interaction promotes the growth, motility and invasion of tumor cells, enabling them to spread (C) Signup and view all the answers

A mass of disorganized indigenous tissue is referred to as what?

Hamartoma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the premalignant dysplastic changes occurring within an epithelium?

Intraepithelial neoplasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of HPV is associated with a higher risk of cervical cancer?

Types 16 and 18 (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer?

Use of oral contraceptives (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does ECM degradation contribute to carcinoma cell motility?

ECM degradation exposes cryptic RGD sites, which are recognized by integrins, leading to cytoskeletal changes. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FAK phosphorylation in the context of ECM degradation and carcinoma cell behavior?

FAK phosphorylation is a key component of signaling pathways that regulate cell survival, proliferation, and motility. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors is NOT directly involved in the regulation of CDH1 repression and EMT?

uPAR (A) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the role of SNAI1 from SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, and TWIST in EMT?

SNAI1 is an early marker of EMT and may contribute to the induction of other EMT-promoting factors. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between EMT and MET?

EMT and MET are distinct processes, but cells can undergo a transient MET after an initial EMT. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main implication of the interplay between CDH1 repressors and the tumor microenvironment?

This interplay can significantly influence the direction and rate of tumor progression by promoting or inhibiting EMT. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does EMT contribute to the metastasis of tumors?

EMT promotes a more motile phenotype, facilitating invasion and spread of tumor cells. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main takeaway regarding the roles of SNAI1 and SNAI2 in tumor progression?

SNAI1 initiates migration, while SNAI2 maintains migration and contributes to other cancerous properties. (D) Signup and view all the answers