17 Questions
What is the primary result of initiation in cancer development?
Cells becoming susceptible to becoming cancerous
What happens to cells with DNA lesions caused by initiating agents?
They can divide and pass on the damage
What is the effect of a higher carcinogen dose and exposure time on cancer risk?
It increases the risk of cancer
Why is prevention important in cancer development?
Because initiation is irreversible and can lead to further mutations
What is the significance of the time frame in which repair mechanisms act in initiation?
It determines the likelihood of DNA damage being repaired
What type of alterations, along with genetic alterations, contribute to the development of cancer?
Epigenetic modifications
During which stage of carcinogenesis do epigenetic changes occur?
Initiation
What is the term for the factors that stimulate cell growth without directly causing mutations?
Promoters
What is the term for the entire process of cancer development, from initiation to in situ cancer?
Carcinogenesis
What type of models are used to study the natural history of cancer?
Animal models
What is the stage of carcinogenesis characterized by visible changes and increased aggressiveness?
Progression
What is a characteristic of promoters in the process of carcinogenesis?
They influence gene expression and stimulate the division of initiated cells
What is the outcome of removing a promoter from the environment?
Cell growth is slowed
What is a consequence of aneuploidy in cancer cells?
Increased growth rate and invasiveness
What is a characteristic of tumor suppressor genes?
They inhibit cell growth and division
What is the role of angiogenesis in tumor growth?
It supports tumor growth
What is the outcome of metastasis in cancer?
Neoplastic cells detach from the primary tumor and travel through the blood/lymphatic system
Learn about the role of promoters in cancer development, their effects on gene expression, and how they stimulate cell division. Understand the difference between promoters and initiators in the process of carcinogenesis.
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