Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary result of initiation in cancer development?
What is the primary result of initiation in cancer development?
- Immediate death of cells with DNA damage
- Cells becoming susceptible to becoming cancerous (correct)
- Complete transformation of cells into cancerous cells
- Repair of DNA lesions by cellular mechanisms
What happens to cells with DNA lesions caused by initiating agents?
What happens to cells with DNA lesions caused by initiating agents?
- They are completely repaired by cellular mechanisms
- They immediately die
- They are instantly transformed into cancer cells
- They can divide and pass on the damage (correct)
What is the effect of a higher carcinogen dose and exposure time on cancer risk?
What is the effect of a higher carcinogen dose and exposure time on cancer risk?
- It only affects the promotion stage of cancer development
- It increases the risk of cancer (correct)
- It decreases the risk of cancer
- It has no effect on cancer risk
Why is prevention important in cancer development?
Why is prevention important in cancer development?
What is the significance of the time frame in which repair mechanisms act in initiation?
What is the significance of the time frame in which repair mechanisms act in initiation?
What type of alterations, along with genetic alterations, contribute to the development of cancer?
What type of alterations, along with genetic alterations, contribute to the development of cancer?
During which stage of carcinogenesis do epigenetic changes occur?
During which stage of carcinogenesis do epigenetic changes occur?
What is the term for the factors that stimulate cell growth without directly causing mutations?
What is the term for the factors that stimulate cell growth without directly causing mutations?
What is the term for the entire process of cancer development, from initiation to in situ cancer?
What is the term for the entire process of cancer development, from initiation to in situ cancer?
What type of models are used to study the natural history of cancer?
What type of models are used to study the natural history of cancer?
What is the stage of carcinogenesis characterized by visible changes and increased aggressiveness?
What is the stage of carcinogenesis characterized by visible changes and increased aggressiveness?
What is a characteristic of promoters in the process of carcinogenesis?
What is a characteristic of promoters in the process of carcinogenesis?
What is the outcome of removing a promoter from the environment?
What is the outcome of removing a promoter from the environment?
What is a consequence of aneuploidy in cancer cells?
What is a consequence of aneuploidy in cancer cells?
What is a characteristic of tumor suppressor genes?
What is a characteristic of tumor suppressor genes?
What is the role of angiogenesis in tumor growth?
What is the role of angiogenesis in tumor growth?
What is the outcome of metastasis in cancer?
What is the outcome of metastasis in cancer?
