Sect 12 Quiz Easy
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'metastasis' refer to in cancer biology?

  • The initial formation of a tumor
  • The presence of cancer in the bloodstream
  • The spread of cancer cells to other parts of the body (correct)
  • The removal of a tumor surgically
  • Which of the following correctly describes 'benign' tumors?

  • They invade surrounding tissues aggressively.
  • They have a high potential for metastasis.
  • They are non-cancerous and do not spread. (correct)
  • They are always fatal to the host.
  • Which gene categories are commonly mutated in oncogenesis?

  • Only proto-oncogenes
  • Oncogenes, tumor-suppressors, and genome maintenance genes (correct)
  • Only genome maintenance genes
  • Only tumor-suppressor genes
  • What is the ‘multi-hit’ model in relation to cancer?

    <p>Multiple genetic mutations are required for cancer development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do direct-acting carcinogens differ from indirect-acting carcinogens?

    <p>Indirect-acting carcinogens require metabolic activation before causing harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of oncometabolites?

    <p>They promote the growth and survival of cancer cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between carcinomas and sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues, while sarcomas originate in connective tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark of cancer cells is characterized by their ability to evade apoptosis?

    <p>Resistant to cell death</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cancer Learning Objectives

    • Define key terms: aneuploid, oncometabolite, benign, malignant, metastasis, indirect/direct-acting carcinogens, "multi-hit" model, oncogenes, protooncogenes, tumor suppressors, genome maintenance genes
    • Describe cancer cell biological hallmarks
    • Explain how genetics and mutations contribute to cancer predisposition/progression
    • Classify malignant tumors (carcinomas or sarcomas)
    • Detail the processes of cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis
    • Identify gene categories mutated in oncogenesis
    • Explain how deregulated cellular/molecular mechanisms contribute to cancer development

    Cancer Text Excerpt

    • Lodish et al. (2021), Chapter 25
    • Verse (Matthew 5:29-30): Losing a body part is better than losing your whole body due to sin (NIV)
    • Surgical removal of cancerous parts is sometimes necessary to save the rest of the body—a medical analogy
    • Sin affects the entire body, not just specific parts
    • Christ's death is a complete sacrifice to eliminate sin (Galatians 2:20)

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    Description

    Dive into the complex world of cancer biology and genetics with this quiz. Explore key terms, biological hallmarks, and the genetic factors that contribute to cancer development. Understand tumor classification and the processes of initiation, progression, and metastasis, as well as the implications of deregulated mechanisms in oncogenesis.

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