Cancer and Tumors Quiz

A neoplastic disease causing abnormal cell growth and differentiation.

A non-cancerous tumor that doesn't invade other tissues or spread (metastasize).

A cell that grows and divides uncontrollably, disrupting normal tissue function.

Changes in DNA that can cause abnormal cell growth (cancer).

Cancer arising from epithelial tissue (skin, lining of organs).

Cancer arising from mesenchymal tissue (connective tissues like bone, muscle).

Cancer of the blood-forming cells (bone marrow).

Low-fat diet with fruits, vegetables, and lean protein.

For healthy adults who are current or former smokers (55-74 years), with a 30-year pack history, either currently smoking or abstained for the last 15 years.

Slower-growing, cells similar to surrounding tissue, localized effects unless compressing vessels or nerves.

Different cells compared to surrounding tissue, fast growth, abnormal cells proliferate widely, invading tissues, accessing blood vessels & lymph.

Highest incidence in older adults, specifically females with colorectal, breast, lung, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers; males with lung, colorectal, prostate, pancreatic, and gastric cancers.

Increased risk of cancer in individuals with weakened immune systems.

Higher incidence of skin cancer in individuals with chronic irritation or severe skin injury (burn scars).

Non-Hispanic white American females have a higher likelihood of developing breast cancer compared to other groups.

Laboratory tests like tumor markers (e.g., CA-125) and screening tests can aid in identifying cancerous tumors.

Women aged 21-29 should have a Pap test every 3 years, while women aged 30-65 should have one every 5 years.

Individuals over 50 should undergo a colonoscopy every 10 years.

A food diary helps monitor dietary changes observed in cancer patients with malnutrition.

This helps soothe a client's mouth before eating, aiding in chewing and swallowing for cancer patients.

These viruses can increase the risk of developing liver cancer.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major factor in the development of cervical cancer.

HIV is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers, including lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma.

Helicobacter pylori bacteria can contribute to stomach cancer and lymphoma of the stomach lining.

Symptoms of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) in a client with lung cancer can include behavioral changes, headaches, decreased urine output, and weight gain.

Behavioral changes can be a symptom of SIADH, a potentially serious condition in cancer patients.

Headaches are a possible indicator of SIADH in cancer patients.

Decreased urine output (e.g., 40 mL/hr) could be related to SIADH.

Weight gain might correlate with fluid retention, accompanying SIADH.

Increased urine specific gravity suggests concentrated urine, possible with SIADH and some cancers.

Diet-related factors like poor nutrition, excessive intake of processed foods, and lack of fruits and vegetables can increase cancer risk.

Lifestyle factors like smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, and environmental exposures impact cancer risk.

Chemotherapy can be given in a hospital, doctor's office, clinic, or even at home.

Chemotherapy drugs are absorbed through skin and mucous membranes, so special precautions are needed.

Never throw chemotherapy drugs in the trash or sewage. Return unused drugs or dispose of them as directed by the hospital.

Chemotherapy is applied directly into a body cavity like the abdomen, chest, or bladder.

This method targets specific areas, reducing systemic effects while still treating the cancer.

Chemotherapy is often delivered via a small catheter inserted into the targeted cavity.

Local irritation can occur in the treated area, but systemic side effects are usually minimized.

Anyone preparing, giving, or disposing of chemotherapy medications must use proper personal protective equipment.

Imaging tests like CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and ultrasounds can provide detailed images of organs and tissues, helping identify potential cancerous growths. They are often used in combination with other diagnostic measures.

A CT scan uses X-rays and a computer to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. This allows doctors to visualize organs, tissues, and bones in great detail, helping detect tumors and other abnormalities.

An MRI uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs, tissues, and bones. It's particularly good at showing soft tissues, making it helpful in detecting cancers of the brain, spinal cord, and muscles.

A PET scan uses a radioactive tracer that accumulates in areas of high metabolic activity, like cancer cells. This allows doctors to see areas of increased activity, helping to detect and track cancer.

An ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of organs and tissues. It's a safe and painless procedure, often used to examine the uterus, bladder, and thyroid.

A biopsy is a surgical procedure where a small sample of tissue is removed from the body for examination under a microscope. It's used to confirm or rule out the presence of cancer.

This specific type of biopsy targets the lymph node closest to the tumor. It helps determine if cancer has spread to surrounding lymph nodes, crucial for staging the cancer and planning treatment.

Nurses play a crucial role in prepping clients for these procedures, ensuring they understand the process and sign the informed consent. They also monitor clients during and after the procedure, ensuring safety and comfort.