Podcast
Questions and Answers
According to Justin Trudeau, what does Canadian multiculturalism embody?
According to Justin Trudeau, what does Canadian multiculturalism embody?
- The division and separation of diverse communities
- The freedom and democracy upon which Canada was built (correct)
- The challenges in fostering innovation and prosperity
- The need to take diversity for granted
The paradox of multiculturalism involves balancing the safety of society 'for' and 'from' what?
The paradox of multiculturalism involves balancing the safety of society 'for' and 'from' what?
- Equality
- Conformity
- Diversity (correct)
- Tradition
Before the introduction of the 1971 multiculturalism policy, which cultural norms dominated Canada?
Before the introduction of the 1971 multiculturalism policy, which cultural norms dominated Canada?
- American and British cultural norms
- British and French cultural norms (correct)
- Indigenous and Asian cultural norms
- African and European cultural norms
Multiculturalism uses both political and ethnic sectors to advance goals and ambitions, making it what type of practice?
Multiculturalism uses both political and ethnic sectors to advance goals and ambitions, making it what type of practice?
Which of the following is a goal of the 1990s Civic Multiculturalism?
Which of the following is a goal of the 1990s Civic Multiculturalism?
What is the main focus of current Integrative Multiculturalism?
What is the main focus of current Integrative Multiculturalism?
The development of multiculturalism in Canada was partly influenced by the desire to distinguish Canada's national identity from which country?
The development of multiculturalism in Canada was partly influenced by the desire to distinguish Canada's national identity from which country?
Critics from the political right argue that multiculturalism undermines which of the following?
Critics from the political right argue that multiculturalism undermines which of the following?
Critics from the political left argue that multiculturalism often fails to account for what aspect of ethnicity?
Critics from the political left argue that multiculturalism often fails to account for what aspect of ethnicity?
What is interculturalism, as practiced in Quebec, primarily aimed at discouraging?
What is interculturalism, as practiced in Quebec, primarily aimed at discouraging?
Which of the following best describes multiculturalism as a 'social fact'?
Which of the following best describes multiculturalism as a 'social fact'?
According to critics, how does multiculturalism risk 'Hardening Stereotypes'?
According to critics, how does multiculturalism risk 'Hardening Stereotypes'?
Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of multiculturalism, according to some critics?
Which of the following is a potential negative consequence of multiculturalism, according to some critics?
What was the primary focus of the 1980s Equity Multiculturalism?
What was the primary focus of the 1980s Equity Multiculturalism?
What is one of the critiques of multiculturalism from the political left regarding social justice and racism?
What is one of the critiques of multiculturalism from the political left regarding social justice and racism?
Which of the following describes multiculturalism as an ideology?
Which of the following describes multiculturalism as an ideology?
How does Quebec's interculturalism differ from Canadian multiculturalism concerning linguistic assimilation?
How does Quebec's interculturalism differ from Canadian multiculturalism concerning linguistic assimilation?
Which of the following is associated with the implementation of multiculturalism as policy in the 1970s?
Which of the following is associated with the implementation of multiculturalism as policy in the 1970s?
What potential risk is associated with multiculturalism's focus on 'diversity IS compatible with national goals'?
What potential risk is associated with multiculturalism's focus on 'diversity IS compatible with national goals'?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of multiculturalism being a platform for ethnic communities to articulate their concerns?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of multiculturalism being a platform for ethnic communities to articulate their concerns?
How might the emphasis on 'song and dance' activities, as part of multicultural policy, be viewed critically?
How might the emphasis on 'song and dance' activities, as part of multicultural policy, be viewed critically?
How does the 'Undermining Special Claims' critique relate to Indigenous Peoples and multicultural policy?
How does the 'Undermining Special Claims' critique relate to Indigenous Peoples and multicultural policy?
What might critics mean when they say multiculturalism leads to putting up 'cultural walls' around ethnic groups?
What might critics mean when they say multiculturalism leads to putting up 'cultural walls' around ethnic groups?
Which of the following is most closely associated with the critics' argument that multiculturalism erodes the ability to act collectively as citizens?
Which of the following is most closely associated with the critics' argument that multiculturalism erodes the ability to act collectively as citizens?
What is the primary critique of multiculturalism concerning the celebration of 'white tolerance of racialized others'?
What is the primary critique of multiculturalism concerning the celebration of 'white tolerance of racialized others'?
In the context of multiculturalism, what is implied by the criticism that it defines ethnic communities as homogeneous groups?
In the context of multiculturalism, what is implied by the criticism that it defines ethnic communities as homogeneous groups?
How does the perspective of multiculturalism as a 'practice to acquire resources' affect national growth and security according to some interpretations?
How does the perspective of multiculturalism as a 'practice to acquire resources' affect national growth and security according to some interpretations?
Which factor distinguishes Quebec's interculturalism from Canadian multiculturalism concerning the fusion of cultures?
Which factor distinguishes Quebec's interculturalism from Canadian multiculturalism concerning the fusion of cultures?
According to critics from the political right, what specific type of ties does multiculturalism encourage that are seen as socially harmful?
According to critics from the political right, what specific type of ties does multiculturalism encourage that are seen as socially harmful?
From a critical perspective, what term is used to describe multiculturalism's limitation to promoting aspects of ethnic cultures that do not challenge Anglo-Saxon assumptions?
From a critical perspective, what term is used to describe multiculturalism's limitation to promoting aspects of ethnic cultures that do not challenge Anglo-Saxon assumptions?
How might strategic goals such as identity and a sense of belonging influence civic participation within the context of 90s civic multiculturalism?
How might strategic goals such as identity and a sense of belonging influence civic participation within the context of 90s civic multiculturalism?
In what way might multicultural policies risk prioritizing some forms of identity promotion over the pursuit of social justice, according to critical viewpoints?
In what way might multicultural policies risk prioritizing some forms of identity promotion over the pursuit of social justice, according to critical viewpoints?
What underlying assumption informs the criticism that multiculturalism can act as a 'breeding ground for intolerance and terrorism'?
What underlying assumption informs the criticism that multiculturalism can act as a 'breeding ground for intolerance and terrorism'?
What is the most significant implication of shifting the emphasis of multiculturalism towards economics, where instrumentalist views are prominent?
What is the most significant implication of shifting the emphasis of multiculturalism towards economics, where instrumentalist views are prominent?
Insanely difficult: Consider the potential conflict between multiculturalism as an ideology promoting an ideal image of how Canadians ‘should’ live and its function as a platform for ethnic communities to articulate their concerns. Under what circumstance could these two dimensions most likely undermine each other?
Insanely difficult: Consider the potential conflict between multiculturalism as an ideology promoting an ideal image of how Canadians ‘should’ live and its function as a platform for ethnic communities to articulate their concerns. Under what circumstance could these two dimensions most likely undermine each other?
Insanely difficult: Consider the potential impacts of both interculturalism (as practiced in Quebec) and multiculturalism from a critical point of view, regarding their effects on minority languages and cultural expression. Which statement represents the most nuanced understanding given the subtle differences in approach?
Insanely difficult: Consider the potential impacts of both interculturalism (as practiced in Quebec) and multiculturalism from a critical point of view, regarding their effects on minority languages and cultural expression. Which statement represents the most nuanced understanding given the subtle differences in approach?
Flashcards
Multiculturalism (MC)
Multiculturalism (MC)
A principle and practice engaging diversity as different yet equal, integrating minorities into society's institutional framework.
MC as a social fact
MC as a social fact
An empirical statement about a country's demographic composition.
MC as an ideology
MC as an ideology
An ideal image of how Canadians 'should' live, where diversity aligns with national goals, shaping social organization.
MC as practice
MC as practice
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1970s Ethnicity Multiculturalism
1970s Ethnicity Multiculturalism
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1980s Equity Multiculturalism
1980s Equity Multiculturalism
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1990s Civic Multiculturalism
1990s Civic Multiculturalism
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Current: Integrative Multiculturalism
Current: Integrative Multiculturalism
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Antecedents of MC
Antecedents of MC
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Critics from the political right
Critics from the political right
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Critics from the political left
Critics from the political left
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Interculturalism
Interculturalism
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Study Notes
- Canadian multiculturalism embodies freedom and democracy
- Diverse communities foster innovation and prosperity
- Strength comes from differences, not in spite of them
Paradox of Multiculturalism
- How to make society safe "for" diversity while keeping it safe "from" diversity
- Is it political, social, or economic?
- Multiculturalism can be defined as a principle and a practice for engaging diversity as different yet equal
- Includes policies and programs to integrate minorities into the institutional framework of society
Multiculturalism as a social fact
- Empirical statement about "what is"
- Demographic composition of a country
- Until the introduction of the 1971 policy, Canada was dominated by British and French cultural norms despite being demographically diverse
Multiculturalism as an Ideology
- Presents an ideal image of how Canadians "should" live
- Diversity is compatible with national goals
- Suggests how things ought to be in social organization based on culture and ethnicity
Multiculturalism as practice to acquire resources
- Used by political and ethnic sectors to advance goals and ambitions
- Has political and economic potential
- Contributes to national growth and security
- Provides a platform for ethnic communities to articulate concerns and attain practical goals
Multiculturalism as Policy: 1970s Ethnicity Multiculturalism
- Pierre Trudeau and Multiculturalism - 1971
- Equality of Status
- Canadian identity
- Personal Choice
- Protection of Individual Rights
- Focus is on celebrating differences with culture as primary reference point
- Attempted to fix problem of prejudice
1980s Equity Multiculturalism
- Shift from celebrating difference to fostering equality in society
- Social structure as the primary reference point
- Developed a more anti-racist approach to institutional dynamics
Economics
- Shifted the emphasis to a more instrumentalist view of Multiculturalism
1990s Civic Multiculturalism
- Oriented toward Canada-building by promoting a shared citizenship
- Fostered a sense of belonging and shared awareness of Canadian identity while maintaining differences
- Strategic goals included civic participation, social justice (equal treatment), and identity
Current: Integrative Multiculturalism
- Focuses on integrating immigrants into Canadian society
- Integrates immigrants by adopting the values of liberal democracy
Antecedents of Multiculturalism
- Connected to the establishment of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in 1963
- Created due to the growing concerns of ethnic minorities in Canada
- Developed to make Canada unique from the U.S., with its own national identity
Critics from the Political Right
- Scrutinized for undermining immigrant integration and a strong Canadian identity
- Encourages ethnic separatism
- Socially harmful and politically dangerous transnational ties
- Puts up 'cultural walls' around ethnic groups
- Erodes the ability to act collectively as citizens
Critics from the political left
- Policy only promotes ethnic cultures that don't challenge Anglo-Saxon assumptions
- Only emphasizes depoliticized “song and dance” activities
- Multiculturalism reconstitutes whiteness as tolerant and committed to pluralism
- Multicultural policies celebrate white tolerance of racialized others
- Fails to account for how ethnicity is politically and socially constructed
- Defines ethnic communities as homogenous groups
- Shifts focus from social justice and racism to ethnic identity and cultural diversity
- The "Discourse of Diversity”
- "Symbolic Multiculturalism"
Other Criticisms
- Hardening Stereotypes: By reducing people to the lowest common denominator, it simplifies and therefore devalues culture.
Undermining Special Claims
- Multicultural policy has reduced Indigenous Peoples to “just another minority" and undermines their aspirations for self-government
Breeding Ground for Intolerance and Terrorism
- Encourages and tolerates the promotion of cultures and religions that are decidedly intolerant, potentially leading to homegrown terrorism
Quebec and Interculturalism
- The Quebec government has pursued a policy of interculturalism instead of multiculturalism
- Interculturalism recognizes cultural diversity, but it discourages ethnic enclaves and promotes linguistic assimilation
- Interculturalism promotes a fusion of all commonalities of cultures within a francophone framework
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