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Questions and Answers
What caused tensions with the Métis Peoples?
The encroachment of European settlers on their land and the lack of recognition of their rights and culture.
How did the relationships with Indigenous Peoples change and / or stay the same with the formation of Canada? (think about the connections between treaties and Indian Act)
The relationships with Indigenous Peoples changed as treaties were signed, leading to significant changes in their way of life due to the Indian Act's implementation. However, the underlying power dynamics and marginalization largely remained the same.
What impact did the Indian Act have?
The Indian Act had a significant impact on Indigenous Peoples as it imposed assimilation policies, restricted their autonomy, and controlled many aspects of their lives.
Why were the numbered treaties signed and how are they linked with the implementation of the Indian Act?
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Study Notes
Tensions with the Métis Peoples
- The Métis Peoples, descendants of European fur traders and Indigenous women, faced tensions due to the decline of the fur trade, which threatened their livelihood.
Relationships with Indigenous Peoples and the Formation of Canada
- The formation of Canada in 1867 marked a shift from British colonial rule to a Dominion of Canada, but the relationships with Indigenous Peoples remained largely unchanged.
- The British Crown's obligations to Indigenous Peoples, established through treaties, were transferred to the Canadian government.
- The Indian Act (1876) was introduced, aiming to assimilate Indigenous Peoples into Canadian society.
The Indian Act
- The Indian Act gave the Canadian government control over Indigenous affairs, lands, and resources.
- It imposed assimilation policies, restricting Indigenous cultural practices, languages, and self-governance.
- The Act also introduced the concept of "Status Indians," legally recognizing Indigenous Peoples as wards of the state.
Numbered Treaties and the Indian Act
- Between 1871 and 1921, the Canadian government negotiated 11 numbered treaties with Indigenous Peoples, promising land, resources, and services in exchange for Indigenous Peoples' cooperation.
- The treaties facilitated the expansion of Canadian territory and resources, while the Indian Act enforced assimilation and control over Indigenous Peoples.
- The treaties and the Indian Act are inextricably linked, as the treaties established the framework for the Act's implementation and the ongoing imposition of assimilation policies.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key events, treaties, and policies in Canadian history from 1861 to 1914. Explore topics such as the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the signing of the Numbered Treaties, immigration, Indigenous relations, and major historical events during this period.
