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Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999

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Questions and Answers

What type of substances does the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) regulate?

Toxic substances

What is the significance of a substance being listed in Schedule 1 of CEPA?

It is subject to specific controls as a toxic substance

What action is required by Environment Canada if a substance is added to the Toxic Substances List?

Environment Canada has to take action with respect to its management

Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999, which entities are subject to its provisions for regulating environmental activity?

<p>Only federal departments and undertakings</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision in R.v Hydro-Québec?

<p>It established federal jurisdiction over environmental protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court use the POGG power in the R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. case?

<p>To justify federal jurisdiction over ocean pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Ocean Dumping Control Act in the R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. case?

<p>To prohibit the dumping of any substance into the sea without a permit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of placing substances on the Virtual Elimination List?

<p>To prevent their release into the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Fisheries Act contribute to pollution control?

<p>By prohibiting the deposit of deleterious substances into water frequented by fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 regulate?

<p>Shipping, handling, and transportation of dangerous goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of sector-specific regulations under the Fisheries Act?

<p>To establish effluent standards and monitoring requirements for specific industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) only governs environmental activities within provincial jurisdictions.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

CEPA establishes a system for imposing requirements for pollution prevention planning, emergency plans, and broad public participation provisions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under CEPA, any substance listed in Schedule 1 is not classified as toxic and is not subject to specific controls.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Environment Canada is not required to take action with respect to the management of a substance added to the Toxic Substances List within two years.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms was introduced by the Constitution Act, 1982

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1867 explicitly dictates who has the power to create environmental laws

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Supreme Court, federal jurisdiction over the environment is mainly supported by the peace, order, and good government power

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 gives the provincial government the authority to make environmental laws

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

There is often certainty in terms of which level of government is responsible for various aspects of the environment

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The federal criminal law power would not support environmental protection legislation

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Supreme Court of Canada has emphasized that environmental management and protection falls solely under provincial jurisdiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parliament could enact new federal legislation respecting environmental protection without having to link it to any federal power.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The taxation power (s. 91(3)) does not provide the federal government with the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The federal jurisdiction over fisheries resources does not include the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1867 explicitly dictates that environmental laws fall solely under provincial jurisdiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Constitution Act, 1867, the federal government does not have the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 gives the federal government the authority to create environmental laws related to taxation power.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Supreme Court of Canada has emphasized that environmental management and protection falls solely under federal jurisdiction according to the Constitution Act, 1867.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1982 introduced the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1867 explicitly dictates who has the power to create environmental laws

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of Canada

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 gives the provincial government the authority to make environmental laws

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The federal criminal law power would not support environmental protection legislation

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on a number of Supreme Court of Canada decisions, protection of the environment is recognized as a matter of shared jurisdiction between Parliament and the provincial legislatures

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) is the principal federal environmental statute governing environmental activities within provincial jurisdiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Constitution Act, 1867, the federal government has the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Constitution Act, 1867, the taxation power (s. 91(3)) provides the federal government with the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1867 explicitly dictates who has the power to create environmental laws.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) is the principal federal environmental statute governing environmental activities within federal jurisdiction only.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1867 explicitly dictates that environmental laws fall solely under provincial jurisdiction.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 gives the federal government the authority to create environmental laws related to taxation power.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Supreme Court of Canada has emphasized that environmental management and protection falls solely under federal jurisdiction according to the Constitution Act, 1867.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Crown Zellerbach case emphasized that the national concern argument applies to legislative subject matters that have national dimensions so significant as to warrant federal action, even if a provincial government might have no responsibilities.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Supreme Court of Canada has recognized that environmental management and protection solely falls under federal jurisdiction according to the Constitution Act, 1867.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Constitution Act, 1867, the taxation power provides the federal government with the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Constitution Act, 1867, the federal government does not have the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act, 1982 introduced the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and effected other amendments.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution Act of Canada explicitly dictates who has the power to create environmental laws.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Constitution Act, 1867, the federal government has the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Constitution Act, 1867, the provincial government has the authority to make environmental laws.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of Canada.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Supreme Court, federal jurisdiction over the environment is mainly supported by the peace, order, and good government power.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the national concern argument as emphasized in the Crown Zellerbach case?

<p>It applies to legislative subject matters that have national dimensions so significant as to warrant federal action, even if a provincial government might have responsibilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Supreme Court of Canada recognize environmental management and protection in terms of federal and provincial jurisdiction?

<p>It is a broad area that falls under federal or provincial jurisdiction depending on the issue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the other federal powers that may provide federal jurisdiction over the environment?

<p>Taxation power, Seacoast and Inland Fisheries, and Trade and Commerce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Constitution Act, 1867 impact federal jurisdiction over environmental protection legislation?

<p>It allows Parliament to enact new or expanded federal legislation respecting environmental protection as long as it can be linked to a federal power and meets the criteria established by the Supreme Court of Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision in R.v Hydro-Québec?

<p>The significance of the Supreme Court decision in R.v Hydro-Québec was the unanimous recognition that the protection of the environment is a valid criminal law purpose for which the criminal law power can be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the Supreme Court use the POGG power in the R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. case?

<p>In the R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. case, the Supreme Court used the peace, order, and good government (POGG) power to justify federal jurisdiction over ocean pollution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Supreme Court, what is the main support for federal jurisdiction over the environment?

<p>According to the Supreme Court, federal jurisdiction over the environment is mainly supported by the peace, order, and good government power (POGG).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms introduced by the Constitution Act, 1982?

<p>It introduced the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is a significant part of Canada's Constitution and outlines the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Act introduced the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and also effected other amendments?

<p>The Constitution Act, 1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Constitution Act, 1982 signify in terms of rights and freedoms in Canada?

<p>It signifies the formal introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which is a cornerstone of Canadian law and guarantees certain rights and freedoms to all Canadians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in the Constitution of Canada?

<p>It is a vital component of the Constitution of Canada, outlining the rights and freedoms of Canadian citizens and serving as the supreme law of the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Act constitutionally established the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of the supreme law of Canada?

<p>The Constitution Act, 1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

What amendments were brought about by the Constitution Act, 1982, in addition to introducing the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?

<p>It effected other amendments to the Constitution of Canada.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their jurisdiction in Canada:

<p>Transport of dangerous goods = Federal Management of contaminated site remediation = Provincial Water and wastewater treatment = Provincial Hazardous waste regulation = Provincial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with the legislation that regulates them:

<p>Industrial and municipal waste discharge = BC Environmental Management Act (EMA) Introduction of waste into the environment from listed industries = BC Environmental Management Act (EMA) Transportation of dangerous substances = Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 Waste Discharge Regulation compliance = BC Environmental Management Act (EMA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their regulated activities under provincial laws:

<p>Air emissions = Provincial Pesticide use = Provincial Water withdrawals = Provincial Contaminated lands issues = Provincial</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their regulated substances under federal jurisdiction:

<p>Organisms to explosives = Dangerous goods Pollutants and contaminants = Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) Toxic substances list = Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) Fisheries resources and water quality regulation = Fisheries Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following learning outcomes of Environmental Law II with their descriptions:

<p>Understand & Apply Environmental Law Principles = Ability to apply the principles of environmental law in practical situations Appreciate the social, political, economic & ecological context of Canadian environmental law and policy = Understanding the broader context in which Canadian environmental law and policy operate Interrogate how complex environmental issues challenge core legal doctrine = Examining how intricate environmental issues question fundamental legal principles Collaborate with your colleagues to produce sound and creative legal solutions to environmental problems = Working together to generate effective and innovative legal resolutions for environmental issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following topics to be covered in Class 1 of Environmental Law II with their descriptions:

<p>Introduction to Environmental Law In Canada = An overview of the environmental law framework in Canada Government Jurisdiction & Environmental Laws = Understanding the authority and scope of government jurisdiction in relation to environmental laws</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about Environmental Law in Canada with their correct descriptions:

<p>Environmental law is the body of statutes that is used to protect and improve environmental conditions = Definition of environmental law as a set of regulations for safeguarding and enhancing the environment The term “environment” is often defined broadly to cover land, water, air, and living organisms, including humans and the interaction of these elements = Explanation of the extensive scope of the term “environment” encompassing various elements and their interactions Canada is a federal state, originally constituted in 1867 through the enactment of British legislation, the British North America Act = Historical background on Canada's federal status established through British legislation In 1982, constitutional amendments resulted in the re-naming of the British North America Act as the Constitution Act, 1867 = Explanation of the renaming of the British North America Act as the Constitution Act, 1867 after constitutional amendments in 1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following legal concepts with their implications under Environmental Law in Canada:

<p>British North America Act = Historical foundation for Canada's federal status Constitution Act, 1867 = Legal document outlining Canada's constitutional framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following federal powers with their implications for environmental jurisdiction:

<p>Peace, Order, and Good Government (POGG) power = Supports federal jurisdiction over environmental protection legislation Taxation power = Provides the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors Criminal law power = May support environmental protection legislation Regulation of trade and commerce power = Impacts environmental regulations related to cross-border pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following federal statutes with their provisions:

<p>Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) = Imposes requirements for pollution prevention planning and emergency plans Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992 = Regulates the movement of hazardous waste Fisheries Act = Includes laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality Ocean Dumping Control Act = Addresses the issue of ocean dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following judicial decisions with their significance:

<p>R.v. Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. = Emphasized the national concern argument for legislative subject matters R.v. Hydro-Québec = Significance related to shared jurisdiction between Parliament and provincial legislatures Supreme Court recognition of environmental management = Acknowledged as a matter of shared jurisdiction between Parliament and provincial legislatures Constitution Act, 1982 = Introduced the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and other amendments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following constitutional provisions with their impacts on environmental jurisdiction:

<p>Section 91 of the Constitution Act, 1867 = Gives federal government authority to create environmental laws related to taxation power Constitution Act, 1982 = Introduced Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as part of the supreme law of Canada Supreme Court interpretation of POGG power = Main support for federal jurisdiction over environment Federal criminal law power = May not fully support environmental protection legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for substances that are persistent, bioaccumulative, and primarily result from human activity?

<p>They must be placed on the Virtual Elimination List</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the sector-specific regulations under the Fisheries Act?

<p>To establish effluent standards and impose monitoring and reporting requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which legislation are the shipping, handling, and transportation of dangerous goods regulated?

<p>Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fisheries Act prohibit?

<p>Carrying out work that results in the death of fish or harmful alteration of fish habitat without proper authorization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Crown Zellerbach case emphasize about the national concern argument?

<p>It applies to legislative subject matters that have national dimensions warranting federal action, even if a provincial government might have no responsibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following federal powers provides the government with the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors?

<p>Taxation power (s. 91(3))</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Supreme Court of Canada's recent decisions establish as a criteria for enacting new or expanded federal legislation respecting environmental protection?

<p>Meeting the criteria established by the Supreme Court of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Supreme Court of Canada recognize about federal jurisdiction over fisheries resources?

<p>It does not include the authority to make laws to protect fish habitat and regulate water quality for this purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA)?

<p>To provide regulatory authority over hazardous waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CEPA, 1999 classify as 'toxic' substances?

<p>Any substance listed in Schedule 1 of CEPA and ones that present a danger to human health or the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Environment Canada when a substance is added to the Toxic Substances List under CEPA?

<p>To take action with respect to the management of the substance within two years</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entities are subject to the provisions for regulating environmental activity under CEPA, 1999?

<p>Only federal departments and undertakings like banks and airlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does environmental law in Canada primarily aim to protect and improve?

<p>Biophysical environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key area that environmental laws in Canada deal with?

<p>Endangered species preservation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the broad definition of 'environment' in environmental law?

<p>It includes various aspects of the biophysical and human social environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutional amendment resulted in the re-naming of the British North America Act as the Constitution Act, 1867?

<p>Constitution Act, 1982</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the Constitution Act, 1982 on Canadian law?

<p>Recognition of Indigenous legal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was Canada originally constituted through the enactment of British legislation?

<p>1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of environmental law in Canada according to the text?

<p>To protect and improve environmental conditions through a body of statutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'environment' cover in the context of environmental law in Canada?

<p>Land, water, air, living organisms, including humans, and their interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Constitution Act, 1867 in relation to environmental laws in Canada?

<p>It establishes that environmental laws fall solely under provincial jurisdiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the constitutional amendments in 1982 result in?

<p>Re-naming the British North America Act as the Constitution Act, 1867</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the learning outcomes of Environmental Law II?

<p>Appreciating the social, political, economic & ecological context of Canadian environmental law and policy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Environmental Law specifically aim to protect and improve according to the text?

<p>Primarily focuses on pollution control and waste management</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the national concern argument as emphasized in the Crown Zellerbach case?

<p>It applies to only those legislative subject matters that have national dimensions and warrant federal action</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under which federal power does the Taxation power (s. 91(3)) provide the federal government with the ability to encourage environmentally friendly behaviors?

<p>Taxation power (s. 91(3))</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Ocean Dumping Control Act in the R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. case?

<p>To control ocean pollution caused by dumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Supreme Court of Canada's recent decisions, what criteria must be met for enacting new or expanded federal legislation respecting environmental protection?

<p>Action can be linked to a federal power and meets the criteria established by the Supreme Court of Canada</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the R.v Hydro-Québec Supreme Court decision in relation to environmental law?

<p>It confirmed the broad scope of federal jurisdiction over the environment for criminal law purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the case of R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd., what was the justification for federal jurisdiction over ocean pollution?

<p>The POGG power was used by the Supreme Court to justify federal jurisdiction over ocean pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What authority did the Supreme Court establish in R.v Hydro-Québec and R.v.Crown Zellerbach Canada Ltd. with regard to environmental offenses?

<p>The federal government has broad jurisdiction over environmental offenses for criminal law purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA) provide the federal government with authority to regulate?

<p>Cross-border air and water pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a substance being added to the Toxic Substances List under CEPA?

<p>It triggers specific controls on the substance considered toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of imposing requirements for pollution prevention planning and emergency plans under CEPA?

<p>To ensure proactive measures for preventing and responding to environmental incidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CEPA establish a system for, in relation to substances listed as toxic?

<p>Imposing requirements for pollution prevention planning and emergency plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act, 1992?

<p>Addressing issues such as labelling requirements and emergencies related to dangerous goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the BC Environmental Management Act, what does the Waste Discharge Regulation prohibit?

<p>Introduction of waste into the environment from listed industries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable aspect regulated under provincial environmental laws?

<p>Regulation of underground and above-ground storage tanks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 establish a system for imposing?

<p>Requirements for pollution prevention planning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does regulatory compliance play in private nuisance claims?

<p>It is a key factor and can be used as evidence in nuisance claims</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can private citizens use to seek remedies for harms caused by environmental issues?

<p>Nuisance law under common law</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do environmental regulations and nuisance law potentially create tensions?

<p>Nuisance law protects individual property rights more than environmental regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serves as evidence in nuisance claims, according to the text?

<p>Violations of environmental regulations</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between environmental regulations and nuisance law in Canada?

<p>Environmental regulations and nuisance law interact dynamically, influencing each other in various ways</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the permitting process under environmental regulations?

<p>To identify and mitigate potential nuisances before they occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do federal and provincial environmental regulations play in Canada?

<p>They establish comprehensive frameworks for managing pollution, emissions, and waste disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of nuisance law in Canada?

<p>To provide a legal remedy for individuals or entities adversely affected by environmental harms</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of environmental law, what is the significance of common law approaches?

<p>They rely on judicial decisions and precedents to develop and articulate the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a regulation from legislation in environmental law?

<p>Regulations are more detailed and specific than legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nuisance law in Canada's environmental legal framework?

<p>To provide a framework for addressing specific environmental disputes using common law approaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes common law approaches to environmental problems?

<p>They rely on judicial decisions and precedents for developing and articulating the law</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of environmental law, what is the purpose of a legislative act?

<p>To create formal written laws officially passed by a legislative body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a regulation from legislation according to the text?

<p>Regulations are created by executive authorities, while legislation is enacted by a legislative body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999?

<p>Establishing a system for imposing requirements for pollution prevention planning and emergency plans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CEPA provide the federal government with regarding toxic substances?

<p>Regulatory authority over substances considered toxic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a substance is listed in Schedule 1 of CEPA?

<p>The substance is classified as toxic and subject to specific controls</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main authority of CEPA in terms of adding substances to the Toxic Substances List?

<p>Authority to take action with respect to the management of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of environmental justice in Canada?

<p>Ensuring equal access to environmental resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the U.S. EPA define as environmental justice?

<p>Fair treatment and involvement of all people in environmental laws, regardless of income</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does environmental justice seek to mitigate for marginalized or vulnerable groups?

<p>Exposure to environmental pollution or contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does equitable access to environmental resources, as part of environmental justice, aim to provide for all communities?

<p>Equal access to clean air and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Bill S-5, passed by the House of Commons on May 30, 2023?

<p>Recognition of the right to a healthy environment under CEPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why have some observers argued for using statutory approaches instead of working towards a constitutional environmental right?

<p>To expedite the process of implementing environmental rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the United Nations General Assembly declaration in July 2022?

<p>Affirming the universal human right to live in a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the Canadian Charter of Rights & Freedoms indirectly address environmental quality?

<p>Through invoking relevant sections in climate change cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of CEPA's amendment through Bill S-5?

<p>Recognition of the right to a healthy environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might statutory approaches be considered an interim solution for implementing environmental rights?

<p>Long-term constitutional reform is time-consuming</p> Signup and view all the answers

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