Podcast
Questions and Answers
What underlying factor exacerbated tensions between English and French Canada as industrialization and westward expansion progressed?
What underlying factor exacerbated tensions between English and French Canada as industrialization and westward expansion progressed?
- A decrease in social and economic control of Quebec by Anglophone Canadians.
- The increased religious tolerance fostered by expanding secular democracies.
- The promotion of Catholic minority school rights and the French language outside of Quebec.
- The separation and lack of interaction between the two linguistic populations diminished. (correct)
How did the coming of responsible government and federalism impact the clericalist movement in French Canada?
How did the coming of responsible government and federalism impact the clericalist movement in French Canada?
- It caused them to embrace separatism as a viable political strategy.
- It inspired them to attempt to 'purify' Québec politics along conservative Catholic lines. (correct)
- It dissolved the clericalist movement entirely.
- It led to the immediate acceptance of secular democracy.
What was the primary reason separatism was initially rejected by the ultramontaneCanadiens?
What was the primary reason separatism was initially rejected by the ultramontaneCanadiens?
- They sought to create a pan-Canadian national vision.
- They were content with the level of autonomy granted by the British.
- They feared the threats posed by American secularism and materialism. (correct)
- They believed it would lead to greater economic prosperity.
Which of the following factors contributed to emigration from the Maritimes during the late 19th century?
Which of the following factors contributed to emigration from the Maritimes during the late 19th century?
How did Ottawa's National Policy affect the Maritime economy?
How did Ottawa's National Policy affect the Maritime economy?
What was a major factor that triggered prosperous times in Canada in the early 20th century?
What was a major factor that triggered prosperous times in Canada in the early 20th century?
What was the impact of the prairie 'wheat boom' on population distribution and infrastructure?
What was the impact of the prairie 'wheat boom' on population distribution and infrastructure?
What was the effect of increased American agricultural tariffs on rural Ontario and Quebec?
What was the effect of increased American agricultural tariffs on rural Ontario and Quebec?
Which best describes the relationship between French language/culture and Confederation for the conservative French Catholics?
Which best describes the relationship between French language/culture and Confederation for the conservative French Catholics?
Which Canadian cities experienced significant population increases prior to 1914 due to immigration and economic expansion?
Which Canadian cities experienced significant population increases prior to 1914 due to immigration and economic expansion?
What was a primary goal of the Conservative Party's National Policy under Sir John A. Macdonald?
What was a primary goal of the Conservative Party's National Policy under Sir John A. Macdonald?
Which territories or provinces were NOT among the initial expansion of Canada in 1867?
Which territories or provinces were NOT among the initial expansion of Canada in 1867?
Why did British Columbia agree to enter Confederation in 1871?
Why did British Columbia agree to enter Confederation in 1871?
How did the 'Canada First' movement view French Roman Catholic culture within Canada?
How did the 'Canada First' movement view French Roman Catholic culture within Canada?
What was the primary belief of the ultramontane movement in Québec during the late 19th century?
What was the primary belief of the ultramontane movement in Québec during the late 19th century?
What was the main reason for the creation of a high, protective customs-tariff wall as part of the National Policy?
What was the main reason for the creation of a high, protective customs-tariff wall as part of the National Policy?
Which of the following best describes a detractor's sentiment towards the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and the high tariff implemented under the National Policy?
Which of the following best describes a detractor's sentiment towards the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) and the high tariff implemented under the National Policy?
What factor significantly contributed to Alberta and Saskatchewan achieving provincial status in 1905?
What factor significantly contributed to Alberta and Saskatchewan achieving provincial status in 1905?
Flashcards
Original Confederation Provinces
Original Confederation Provinces
Provinces that formed the initial Canadian state in 1867.
Rupert's Land
Rupert's Land
Vast territory purchased from the Hudson's Bay Company, forming Manitoba and the Northwest Territories.
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)
Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)
A railway that connected eastern and western Canada, a key condition for British Columbia joining Confederation.
National Policy
National Policy
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Canada First Movement
Canada First Movement
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Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism
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Sir John A. Macdonald
Sir John A. Macdonald
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Sir George-Étienne Cartier
Sir George-Étienne Cartier
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Importance of French Language
Importance of French Language
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Canadian Emigration (1870s-1890s)
Canadian Emigration (1870s-1890s)
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Prairie 'Wheat Boom'
Prairie 'Wheat Boom'
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Grand Trunk Pacific & Canadian Northern
Grand Trunk Pacific & Canadian Northern
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Rise of Winnipeg & Vancouver
Rise of Winnipeg & Vancouver
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Alberta & Saskatchewan (1905)
Alberta & Saskatchewan (1905)
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Toronto & Montreal Growth
Toronto & Montreal Growth
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Responsible Government Implementation
Responsible Government Implementation
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Study Notes
- In 1867, Canada expanded from Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Québec, and Ontario to stretch from sea to sea within a decade
- Rupert's Land was purchased from the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869-70
- Manitoba and the Northwest Territories were created in 1870
- British Columbia entered Confederation in 1871 with the promise of a transcontinental railway
- Prince Edward Island joined in 1873
- Alberta and Saskatchewan became provinces in 1905 due to mass immigration to the Prairie West
Sir John A. Macdonald's Dream
- The Conservative Party, led by Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier, implemented the expansionist National Policy
- The Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was heavily funded and completed in 1885
- A high customs tariff was erected to protect Canadian industries
- Mass settlement of the west was a goal, achieved by their Liberal successors after 1896
- Some resented the CPR's monopoly and felt the tariff favored central Canada, though it had support in parts of the Maritimes
Rise of Radical Nationalism
- The Canada First movement promoted Anglo-Protestant culture and independence from the U.S.
- They envisioned grandeur for Canada but did not acknowledge French-Catholic distinctiveness
- Ultramontanes in Québec believed in papal supremacy and clerical domination
- They distrusted North American secular democracy and aimed to purify Québec politics on Catholic lines
- They saw the French language as crucial and Confederation as a necessary evil
- Separatism was considered impractical due to threats from American secularism and materialism
- Conflicts arose as English- and French-speaking populations interacted more
- Harsh ultramontane attacks on liberal Catholicism alarmed English Canada
- Lack of toleration for Catholic minority school rights and the French language angered the Québecois
- Increasing social and economic domination of Québec by Anglophone business heightened tensions
Prosperity and Growth
- Economic growth was initially slow and varied regionally
- Southern Ontario, the upper St Lawrence River Valley, and parts of the Maritimes benefited from industrial development
- Rural Ontario and backcountry Québec lost population due to farming issues and American agricultural tariffs
- Emigration from the Maritimes was caused by a decline in forestry and shipbuilding
- The Maritime economy suffered due to the National Policy's impact on trade with New England
- From the 1870s to the 1890s, 1.5 million Canadians left for the U.S.
- Immigration rose, with just over 50,000 immigrants arriving in 1901 and increasing to eight times that figure 12 years later
- Canada's population grew from 4.8 million in 1891 to 7.2 million in 1911
- Wheat production increased from 8 million bushels in 1896 to 231 million bushels in 1911
- Alberta and Saskatchewan were created in 1905
- The Grand Trunk Pacific and the Canadian Northern railways were completed
- Western cities like Winnipeg and Vancouver grew as trading and shipping centers
- Nearly 30% of new immigrants went to Ontario, with Toronto as a major destination
- Toronto and Montréal more than doubled their population in the 20 years before 1914
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