Campylobacter Bacteria and Gastroenteritis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of bacteria is Campylobacter?

  • Gram-positive
  • Anaerobic
  • Gram-negative (correct)
  • Aerobic

    • Which of the following food items is NOT mentioned as a potential source of Campylobacter?

  • Raw fish (correct)
  • Undercooked poultry
  • Raw beef
  • Unwashed vegetables

    • What is the most common bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide?

  • E. coli
  • Salmonella
  • Campylobacter (correct)
  • Listeria

    • Which species of Campylobacter is the most common cause of human disease?

    <p>C. jejuni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range do Campylobacter bacteria grow best in?

    <p>$37-42$ °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species of Campylobacter is a known cause of recurrent diarrhea in children?

    <p>C. lari</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the name 'Campylobacter' mean?

    <p>'Curved bacteria'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of individuals are at risk of fatal Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Elderly and immunosuppressed individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the motility characteristic of Campylobacter bacteria?

    <p>Motile with a polar flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is Campylobacter based on its scientific classification?

    <p>Gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor mediates the bacterial invasion of the intestinal epithelium and inflammation in Campylobacter infection?

    <p>Production of extracellular cytotoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common trigger of Guillain–Barré syndrome?

    <p>Campylobacter infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environment does Campylobacter grow best in?

    <p>Microaerophilic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period for Campylobacter infection after infection?

    <p>24-48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication may increase the risk of contracting Campylobacter disease?

    <p>Antacid medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common routes of transmission for Campylobacter?

    <p>Consumption of under-cooked poultry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor makes Campylobacter sensitive to the stomach's normal production of hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Presence of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms associated with Campylobacter infection?

    <p>Watery or bloody diarrhea or dysentery syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA)?

    <p>To culture Campylobacter jejuni from stool specimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT typically found in Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA)?

    <p>Penicillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the optimal temperature range for the growth of Campylobacter bacteria?

    <p>37–42 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic shape is observed in Campylobacter bacteria when viewed under a microscope?

    <p>S-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two key characteristics of Campylobacter bacteria demonstrated by biochemical tests?

    <p>Gram negative and oxidase positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of environment is required for the incubation of Campylobacter cultures?

    <p>Microaerophilic environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical duration of symptomatic Campylobacter infection?

    <p>5–7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of treatment is usually sufficient for non-complex cases of Campylobacter infection?

    <p>Fluid and electrolyte replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of testing is carried out to select appropriate antibiotics for Campylobacter infection?

    <p>&quot;Sensitivity testing&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature seen in the Gram stain from culture media of Campylobacter?

    <p>Gall wing appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of temperature range is required for incubation of Campylobacter cultures?

    <p>37–40 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of sensitivity testing in Campylobacter infections?

    <p>To select appropriate antibiotics for treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In non-complex cases, what is the impact of antibiotic treatment on the typical duration of Campylobacter infection?

    <p>It has no effect on the duration of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections in high-risk patients?

    <p>Quinolones and macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures are recommended for preventing Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Excluding people with Campylobacter infection from childcare, work, and swimming until they are symptom-free for 24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical impact of antibiotic treatment on the duration of Campylobacter infection in non-complex cases?

    <p>It has only a minor effect on the typical duration of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotics are recommended as drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections in high-risk patients?

    <p>Quinolones and macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sensitivity testing in Campylobacter infections?

    <p>To determine the antibiotic resistance of the Campylobacter bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures are recommended for preventing Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Avoiding cross-contamination between raw and cooked food and excluding symptomatic individuals from childcare or work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibiotics are considered the drugs of choice for treating Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Fluoroquinolones and macrolides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of systemic infection, which type of bactericidal antibiotics are used for treating Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and aminoglycosides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotic combinations are NOT typically considered effective for treating Campylobacter infections?

    <p>Ampicillin and tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Campylobacter Overview

    • Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria known for causing gastrointestinal infections in humans.
    • It is a Gram-negative, spiral-shaped, and motile bacterium.

    Common Pathogens and Sources

    • Campylobacter jejuni is the most common species responsible for human disease.
    • Common sources include undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and contaminated water. Some food items are not typically associated with Campylobacter.

    Growth and Environment

    • Optimal growth temperature for Campylobacter is between 37°C and 42°C, with preference for microaerobic conditions.
    • Campylobacter is sensitive to acidic environments, such as the stomach's hydrochloric acid.

    Symptoms and Transmission

    • Symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and nausea.
    • Common transmission routes are through contaminated food or water.

    Risk Factors

    • Young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are particularly at risk for severe illness or complications.
    • Certain medications, such as antacids or proton pump inhibitors, may increase the susceptibility to infection.

    Incubation and Duration

    • The incubation period for Campylobacter infection ranges from 2 to 5 days.
    • Typical duration of symptomatic infection is about 1 week; antibiotic treatment is generally effective for non-complex cases, potentially reducing symptoms.

    Diagnostic and Treatment

    • Campylobacter Blood Agar (CVA) is used for culturing these bacteria.
    • Antibiotic susceptibility testing is essential to guide treatment choices.
    • Drugs of choice for high-risk patients include macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) and fluoroquinolones.

    Complications

    • Campylobacter is the most common trigger for Guillain–Barré syndrome, a rare neurological disorder.
    • In cases of systemic infection, bactericidal antibiotics are administered.

    Prevention Measures

    • Preventative measures include proper food handling, cooking meat thoroughly, and avoiding unpasteurized dairy products.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about Campylobacter, a type of bacteria commonly found in domestic animals and food of animal origin. Learn about the causes and implications of Campylobacter-related gastroenteritis in humans.

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