26 Questions
What is the substance of inheritance?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
During DNA replication, which molecule directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, and physiological traits?
DNA
Which nucleotide is found in DNA but not in RNA?
Thymine
What is the structure introduced by James Watson and Francis Crick for DNA?
Double-helical model
What is the main function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?
Adding nucleotides to the new DNA strand
Which molecule is used to initiate DNA replication by providing a starting point for DNA polymerase?
RNA primer
What enzyme synthesizes a short RNA primer in DNA replication?
Primase
Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and repairing newly made DNA by replacing incorrect nucleotides?
DNA polymerase I
What is the source of genetic variation upon which natural selection operates?
Mutations
In which repair mechanism do repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing?
Mismatch repair
Which enzyme catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells?
Telomerase
What happens in nucleotide excision repair?
A nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged DNA stretches
Which enzyme replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase I
What is the role of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?
Prevent shortening of DNA molecules
Which enzyme synthesizes the leading strand continuously during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase III
What happens during mismatch repair in DNA replication?
Repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing
What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?
Providing a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis
In DNA replication, what is the main function of DNA polymerase?
Adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand
Which of the following accurately describes the process of DNA replication?
Semiconservative replication produces two identical daughter DNA molecules, each with one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.
During DNA replication, what is the function of helicase?
Unwinding the double helix
Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the newly synthesized DNA strand?
Ligase
What is the primary function of RNA primers in DNA replication?
Provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis
'Chargaff's rules' state that:
'A' always pairs with 'T', and 'G' always pairs with 'C'.
'Semiconservative replication' refers to:
Each daughter DNA molecule having one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand.
'Helicase' enzyme functions by:
Unwinding the double helix structure of DNA.
During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA primers?
Primase
Test your knowledge on nucleic acids and inheritance with this quiz based on Chapter 16 of Campbell Biology 10th edition. Questions cover topics like the structure of nucleotides, nitrogenous bases, and the role of nucleic acids in heredity.
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