Campbell Biology 10th Edition Chapter 16 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the substance of inheritance?

RNA
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (correct)

During DNA replication, which molecule directs the development of biochemical, anatomical, and physiological traits?

mRNA
DNA polymerase
DNA (correct)
tRNA

Which nucleotide is found in DNA but not in RNA?

Thymine (correct)
Uracil
Adenine
Cytosine

What is the structure introduced by James Watson and Francis Crick for DNA?

Double-helical model (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of DNA polymerase during DNA replication?

Adding nucleotides to the new DNA strand (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is used to initiate DNA replication by providing a starting point for DNA polymerase?

RNA primer (C) Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme synthesizes a short RNA primer in DNA replication?

Primase (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for proofreading and repairing newly made DNA by replacing incorrect nucleotides?

DNA polymerase I (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of genetic variation upon which natural selection operates?

Mutations (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which repair mechanism do repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing?

Mismatch repair (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in germ cells?

Telomerase (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens in nucleotide excision repair?

A nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged DNA stretches (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme replaces the RNA primer with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase I (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in eukaryotic chromosomes?

Prevent shortening of DNA molecules (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme synthesizes the leading strand continuously during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase III (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during mismatch repair in DNA replication?

Repair enzymes correct errors in base pairing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA primers in DNA replication?

Providing a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

In DNA replication, what is the main function of DNA polymerase?

Adding new nucleotides to the growing DNA strand (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the process of DNA replication?

Semiconservative replication produces two identical daughter DNA molecules, each with one old strand and one newly synthesized strand. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, what is the function of helicase?

Unwinding the double helix (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for sealing the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of the newly synthesized DNA strand?

Ligase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of RNA primers in DNA replication?

Provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin synthesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

'Chargaff's rules' state that:

'A' always pairs with 'T', and 'G' always pairs with 'C'. (D) Signup and view all the answers

'Semiconservative replication' refers to:

Each daughter DNA molecule having one parental strand and one newly synthesized strand. (C) Signup and view all the answers

'Helicase' enzyme functions by:

Unwinding the double helix structure of DNA. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA primers?

Primase (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Substance of Inheritance?

Deoxyribonucleic acid; the molecule that carries genetic information.

Molecule Directing Traits?

DNA directs the biochemical, anatomical, and physiological traits of organisms.