cAMP Second Messenger System Steps

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Questions and Answers

What happens in Step 1 of the cAMP process?

Hormone binds to the receptor

What occurs in Step 2 of the cAMP process?

The receptor changes shape which allows an inactive G protein to bind

What is the significance of Step 3 in the cAMP process?

When the inactive G-protein binds to it, it will kick out the GDP so that the GTP can bind to it. The G-protein now becomes active.

What happens in Step 4 of the cAMP process?

When the G-protein becomes active, it will activate an enzyme that is present on the cell membrane (Adenylate Cyclase). Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Step 5 of the cAMP process?

When adenylate cyclase activates, it will take the ATP and convert them into cAMP. Your second-messenger system cAMP has been created. Signup and view all the answers

What is described in Step 6 of the cAMP process?

The level of cAMP elevates in the intracellular fluid, and they go through the cascade chemical effects where they communicate with the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

What function is described in Step 7 of the cAMP process?

Phosphodiesterase: when the cAMP level elevates, it will break the cAMP into a different chemical (Turn off mechanism) or control system. Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

cAMP (Second Messenger System) Steps

Hormones initially bind to specific receptors on cell surfaces, initiating the process.
Binding of the hormone triggers a conformational change in the receptor, facilitating the attachment of an inactive G protein.
The inactive G protein exchanges GDP for GTP upon receptor binding, leading to its activation.
The activated G protein then stimulates an enzyme embedded in the cell membrane, known as Adenylate Cyclase.
Once activated, Adenylate Cyclase converts ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), establishing the second messenger.
The rise in cAMP levels within the intracellular fluid initiates a cascade of chemical reactions, interacting with the nucleus to enact cellular responses requested by the hormone.
Phosphodiesterase acts as a regulatory mechanism; it degrades cAMP into different molecules, thereby turning off the signaling pathway when necessary.