Cambrian Explosion and Early Animal Colonization Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which core in the figure above has the most accurate arrangement of fossils based on the information provided?

  • core C
  • core D
  • core A (correct)
  • core B

What factor most likely caused animals and plants in India to differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia?

  • The climates of the two regions are similar.
  • India is in the process of separating from the rest of Asia.
  • Life in India was wiped out by ancient volcanic eruptions.
  • India was a separate continent until 45 million years ago. (correct)

What concept explains the evolution of complex eyes according to the text?

  • Through evolutionary history, eyes lose function of vision.
  • Complex eyes evolved through a series of steps that benefited the eyes. (correct)
  • Mollusc eye's evolution was dependent on vertebrate eye evolution.
  • Mollusc eyes evolved from a different ancestor than vertebrate eyes.

How does continental drift explain the uniqueness of Australian fauna?

<p>The subsequent separation of southern continents formed an island of marsupials. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fossil record primarily show about the organisms that lived on earth?

<p>Bias towards organisms with hard shells and skeletons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is considered the most accurate for measuring the age of a fossil?

<p>Radiometric dating (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organism would be most likely to form a fossil?

<p>A common squirrel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species would be least likely to appear in the fossil record?

<p>Desert-dwelling species (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a fossil has 1/16 of the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12, approximately how old is it?

<p>22,900 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event does the Cambrian explosion mark in the fossil record?

<p>The appearance of filter-feeding animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a characteristic expected in the first animals to have colonized land?

<p>Animals had lobe-finned fishes as ancestors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sediment core from an inland sea aim to study?

<p>Terrestrial organisms fossilized in the core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which taxonomy level does the question about the first animals to have colonized land primarily test?

<p>Application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in the evolution of eukaryotes according to the text?

<p>To convert oxygen into energy for heterotrophic cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the top of a sediment core from an inland sea represent?

<p>The most recent strata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process was favored by natural selection according to the text?

<p>Converting carbon dioxide into sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main evidence presented against the claim that only microorganisms are found in geological strata older than the Cambrian explosion?

<p>The presence of filter-feeding animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells based on the text?

<p>Advantage of acquiring a nuclear command center (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way did ancestral photosynthetic eukaryotes provide an advantage to host cells based on the text?

<p>By acquiring mitochondria-like prokaryotes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the probable origin of the eukaryotic nucleus according to the text?

<p>Consuming a nucleus-like prokaryote (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evolutionary event led to the acquisition of mitochondria-like prokaryotes according to the text?

<p>Becoming more aerobic environment on Earth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a fossil encased in sedimentary rock without nearby volcanic rock strata indicate?

<p>Difficulty in determining the absolute age because radiometric dating of sedimentary rock is less accurate than igneous rock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sediment core removed from the floor of an inland sea allow researchers to locate and study?

<p>Terrestrial organisms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of transitional forms with specialized teeth indicate in the context of fossils?

<p>Progressive specialization in tooth structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the absence of igneous rocks near a fossil encased in sedimentary rock for absolute age determination?

<p>Decreased accuracy due to lack of reference points from igneous rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is radiometric dating of sedimentary rocks considered less accurate than that of igneous rocks?

<p>Inherent inaccuracies in sedimentary rock dating methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge arises when trying to determine the absolute age of a fossil lacking nearby volcanic rock strata?

<p>'Resetting' of radioisotopes by heat from volcanic rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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