Lecture 11: Evolution of Vertebrates and Bilateral Animals

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Questions and Answers

Which phyla of animals appeared during the Cambrian Explosion?

  • Phyla with asymmetry
  • Phyla with bilateral symmetry (correct)
  • Phyla with spherical symmetry
  • Phyla with radial symmetry

In protostomes, what does the blastopore become?

  • Mouth (correct)
  • Digestive system
  • Anus
  • Gill slits

What is the defining characteristic used to differentiate between Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

  • Position of the nerve cord (correct)
  • Coloration of the skin
  • Presence of gill slits
  • Type of circulatory system

Which group has a nerve cord that runs dorsally?

<p>Deuterostomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Urbilateria' refer to?

<p>The last common ancestor of all bilaterian animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important change occurred in the chordate to vertebrate transition aside from the development of jaws?

<p>The advent of the brain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gill arches in early jawed fishes became modified to form a hinged jaw?

<p>Gill arch three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of vertebrates according to the text?

<p>Vertebral column (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of fish has thin fins consisting of webs of skin over flexible spines?

<p>Ray-finned fish (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the addition of a skeleton to the chordate body plan become necessary?

<p>To increase size and become an active predator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which early group of jawless fish is noted for its external armour?

<p>Sea Scorpions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient fish, resembling a land-living animal, was discovered in the Late Devonian period?

<p>Tiktaalik roseae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prompted the deposition of external bony shields in some vertebrate lineages?

<p>External armor in certain fish species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which group are tetrapods derived according to the text?

<p>Sarcopterygii (Lobe-finned fish) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What features of Tiktaalik roseae made it resemble both fish and tetrapods?

<p>Neck, wrists, flat head, expanded ribs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of vertebrae are connected to the ribs and feature neural arches and spines?

<p>Trunk vertebrae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of skeletal elements in vertebrates according to the text?

<p>To support greater muscle mass and improve movement capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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