Lecture 11: Evolution of Vertebrates and Bilateral Animals
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Questions and Answers

Which phyla of animals appeared during the Cambrian Explosion?

  • Phyla with asymmetry
  • Phyla with bilateral symmetry (correct)
  • Phyla with spherical symmetry
  • Phyla with radial symmetry
  • In protostomes, what does the blastopore become?

  • Mouth (correct)
  • Digestive system
  • Anus
  • Gill slits
  • What is the defining characteristic used to differentiate between Protostomes and Deuterostomes?

  • Position of the nerve cord (correct)
  • Coloration of the skin
  • Presence of gill slits
  • Type of circulatory system
  • Which group has a nerve cord that runs dorsally?

    <p>Deuterostomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Urbilateria' refer to?

    <p>The last common ancestor of all bilaterian animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important change occurred in the chordate to vertebrate transition aside from the development of jaws?

    <p>The advent of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gill arches in early jawed fishes became modified to form a hinged jaw?

    <p>Gill arch three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of vertebrates according to the text?

    <p>Vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of fish has thin fins consisting of webs of skin over flexible spines?

    <p>Ray-finned fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the addition of a skeleton to the chordate body plan become necessary?

    <p>To increase size and become an active predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which early group of jawless fish is noted for its external armour?

    <p>Sea Scorpions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient fish, resembling a land-living animal, was discovered in the Late Devonian period?

    <p>Tiktaalik roseae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prompted the deposition of external bony shields in some vertebrate lineages?

    <p>External armor in certain fish species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which group are tetrapods derived according to the text?

    <p>Sarcopterygii (Lobe-finned fish)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What features of Tiktaalik roseae made it resemble both fish and tetrapods?

    <p>Neck, wrists, flat head, expanded ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of vertebrae are connected to the ribs and feature neural arches and spines?

    <p>Trunk vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of skeletal elements in vertebrates according to the text?

    <p>To support greater muscle mass and improve movement capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

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