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Questions and Answers
What is the observed temperature increase when 100.0 J of heat is supplied to the calorimeter?
What is the observed temperature increase when 100.0 J of heat is supplied to the calorimeter?
The energy released when 1 mole of methane is burned is 890 J.
The energy released when 1 mole of methane is burned is 890 J.
False
What is the formula to calculate the energy density of a fuel?
What is the formula to calculate the energy density of a fuel?
Energy density = total energy released / mass of fuel burned
The molar heat capacity of liquid water is ____ J/mol K.
The molar heat capacity of liquid water is ____ J/mol K.
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Match the following materials with their processes:
Match the following materials with their processes:
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If 0.245 g of a fuel causes a temperature increase of 5.23°C, what information do you need to calculate its energy density?
If 0.245 g of a fuel causes a temperature increase of 5.23°C, what information do you need to calculate its energy density?
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Heating a 24.0-g aluminum can raises its temperature by 15.0°C results in a calculated value of q that is zero.
Heating a 24.0-g aluminum can raises its temperature by 15.0°C results in a calculated value of q that is zero.
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How do you calculate q for a substance based on its mass and temperature change?
How do you calculate q for a substance based on its mass and temperature change?
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Which of the following is an example of nuclear energy?
Which of the following is an example of nuclear energy?
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Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and velocity of an object.
Kinetic energy is dependent on the mass and velocity of an object.
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What type of energy is described as electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves?
What type of energy is described as electromagnetic energy traveling in transverse waves?
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_______ energy is the energy that comes from the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance.
_______ energy is the energy that comes from the movement of atoms and molecules in a substance.
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Match the form of energy with its definition:
Match the form of energy with its definition:
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound energy?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of sound energy?
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Electrical energy can be converted from chemical energy.
Electrical energy can be converted from chemical energy.
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What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
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What does the variable 'Q' represent in the equation Q = cm∆T?
What does the variable 'Q' represent in the equation Q = cm∆T?
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Molar heat capacity reflects the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1°C.
Molar heat capacity reflects the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by 1°C.
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In the equation Q = cm∆T, what does 'm' stand for?
In the equation Q = cm∆T, what does 'm' stand for?
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The _______________ capacity indicates how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a substance.
The _______________ capacity indicates how much heat is required to raise the temperature of a substance.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
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Non-renewable energy sources can be replenished quickly and dependably.
Non-renewable energy sources can be replenished quickly and dependably.
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What is the law of conservation of energy?
What is the law of conservation of energy?
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The process of photosynthesis converts __________ energy from the sun into chemical energy.
The process of photosynthesis converts __________ energy from the sun into chemical energy.
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In hydroelectric facilities, which type of energy is converted into electrical energy?
In hydroelectric facilities, which type of energy is converted into electrical energy?
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Match the following energy transformations with their examples:
Match the following energy transformations with their examples:
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Energy can be created, destroyed, or transformed.
Energy can be created, destroyed, or transformed.
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What happens to the chemical energy in dynamite when it explodes?
What happens to the chemical energy in dynamite when it explodes?
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What occurs in an endothermic reaction?
What occurs in an endothermic reaction?
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Exothermic reactions result in an increase in enthalpy.
Exothermic reactions result in an increase in enthalpy.
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What is the formula used to relate heat and temperature change in specific heat calculations?
What is the formula used to relate heat and temperature change in specific heat calculations?
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In an endothermic reaction, the disorder of a system generally __________.
In an endothermic reaction, the disorder of a system generally __________.
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Which of the following statements about exothermic reactions is true?
Which of the following statements about exothermic reactions is true?
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Match the type of reaction with its characteristic:
Match the type of reaction with its characteristic:
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In exothermic reactions, there is an increase in disorder (ΔS > 0).
In exothermic reactions, there is an increase in disorder (ΔS > 0).
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The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree __________.
The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree __________.
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Study Notes
Calorimetry and Energy Density
- A calorimeter can be calibrated using a known heat input; for instance, 100.0 J raises the temperature by 0.850°C.
- Energy density of a fuel is calculated using temperature changes; burning 0.245 g of fuel resulted in a 5.23°C increase.
Methane and Enthalpy
- Burning 1 mole of methane (CH4) releases 890 kJ of energy at constant pressure.
- ΔH can be calculated by scaling the energy released based on the mass burned; for a 5.8-g sample, calculations are required to find the specific ΔH value.
Specific Heat Calculation
- Heating a 24.0-g aluminum can raises its temperature by 15.0°C; calculate value of q using q = mcΔT.
Heat Capacity of Water
- Molar heat capacity of water is 75.3 J/mol K; if 37.5 g of water cools from 42.0 to 7.0°C, q for water can be derived through the formula accounting for mass and temperature change.
Forms of Energy
- Chemical energy examples include batteries, biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and coal.
- Nuclear energy is stored in atomic nuclei; large energy release occurs during fusion or fission.
- Kinetic energy (KE = 1/2 mv²) is the energy of motion for waves, atoms, and objects.
- Radiant energy includes electromagnetic waves like visible light and x-rays.
- Thermal energy comes from atomic and molecular movement; geothermal energy is a form of thermal energy.
- Mechanical energy refers to energy due to motion, utilized in machines.
- Electrical energy is carried by electrons; it can transform from other energy forms, such as chemical energy in power plants.
- Sound energy results from vibrations and requires a medium (air, water, etc.) for travel.
Energy Sources
- Sources of energy categorized into renewable (wind, solar, hydropower, geothermal) and non-renewable (oil, coal, natural gas).
- Renewable resources regenerate quickly; non-renewable sources can deplete.
Energy Transformations
- Combustion converts chemical energy to heat and light; batteries convert chemical to electrical energy.
- Photosynthesis transforms light energy into chemical energy, while hydroelectric facilities convert kinetic energy into electrical energy.
Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy can change forms but cannot be created or destroyed; the total energy in a closed system remains constant.
- Energy in dynamite changes from chemical to kinetic, heat, and light upon explosion.
Endothermic vs. Exothermic Reactions
- Endothermic: heat absorbed, feels cold, requires energy, order decreases (ΔS < 0), increase in enthalpy (+ΔH).
- Exothermic: heat released, feels warm, spontaneous reactions, entropy increases (ΔS > 0), decrease in enthalpy (-ΔH).
Specific Heat Definition
- Specific heat capacity (c) is the heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass by 1°C.
- The relationship is expressed as Q = mcΔT, where Q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is temperature change.
- Molar heat capacity indicates heat needed to raise 1 mole of a substance by 1°C; the formula adjusts for moles rather than mass.
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Description
Test your understanding of calorimetry concepts and energy density calculations with this quiz. It covers important principles such as heat capacity, enthalpy changes when burning methane, and specific heat calculations. Perfect for students studying thermodynamics or chemistry.
