Calories and Essential Elements in Animal Physiology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of Calcium in animals?

  • Antioxidant
  • Muscle and nerve function, co-enzyme
  • Maintenance of bone and teeth (correct)
  • Component of enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin

Which vitamin is involved in the regulation of bone cell activity?

  • Vitamin E (tocopherol)
  • Vitamin A (retinol)
  • Vitamin D (calciferol) (correct)
  • Vitamin K (phylloquinone)

What is the main function of Fluorine in animals?

  • Component of thyroid hormone (correct)
  • Component of hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochromes, and electron carriers
  • Maintenance of bone and teeth
  • Blood clotting

Which nutrient is mainly involved in the synthesis of retinal pigments?

<p>Vitamin A (retinol) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Potassium in animals?

<p>Acid-base balance, water balance, and neural function (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Iodine in animals?

<p>Component of thyroid hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common symptom of a peptic ulcer?

<p>Stomach pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis refer to in a physiological sense?

<p>Maintaining a stable internal environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the set points for blood pH and body temperature, respectively?

<p>$7.4$ and $37$ °C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the adjustment of physiological systems within the body as conditions change?

<p>Homeostatic regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of homeostatic control mechanisms in living organisms?

<p>To maintain a constant internal environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do peptic ulcers manifest within the stomach?

<p>On the inner lining of the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the absorption of water and products of digestion mainly occur?

<p>Jejunum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the alkaline medium for the digestive process?

<p>Juice secreted by the pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine has an increased surface area due to villi and microvilli?

<p>Ileum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the large intestine or colon?

<p>Storage of undigested matter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system has only one-thirtieth of the absorptive surface area of the small intestine?

<p>Colon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the final processing of undigested material into feces primarily occur?

<p>Colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the oral cavity in food processing?

<p>To test food for texture, temperature, and taste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ in the digestive system serves as the entrance to both the esophagus and the trachea?

<p>Pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

<p>Blocking the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does enzymatic hydrolysis occur in the process of digestion?

<p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT involved in absorption during food processing?

<p>Expulsion of undigested materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the chemical process of digestion in the oral cavity?

<p>Salivary amylase enzymes in saliva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why few organisms can survive in conditions warmer than 60â—¦C?

<p>Enzymatic reactions that denature at high temperatures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to organisms that create most of their heat via metabolic processes?

<p>Endotherms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do ectotherms regulate their body temperatures?

<p>Using external sources of temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of behavior modification for thermoregulation?

<p>Showering with water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has environmental temperature influenced the shapes/sizes of organisms?

<p>Affecting the surface-to-volume ratio (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor influencing the survival of organisms in certain habitats?

<p>Temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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