Callusing and Muscle Imbalance

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What is the primary function of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

To evert the foot

To invert the foot only

To dorsiflex and invert the foot (correct)

To plantarflex the foot

What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Inversion and dorsiflexion (correct)

Eversion and plantarflexion

Adduction and flexion

Abduction and extension

Which of the following tendon transfers is OUT of phase?

Peroneus longus to Peroneus Brevis anastomosis

Jones Tenosuspension

Hibbs tenosuspension

Posterior tibial to dorsal midfoot transfer (correct)

During muscle testing, how would you individually test the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

Plantarflex and evert the foot against resistance Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes, what is the likely underlying diagnosis?

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Signup and view all the answers

What could be a sign of muscle imbalance in a patient with a Cavus foot?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of observing the subtalar joint mobility during muscle testing?

It helps to diagnose muscle imbalance in the foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot?

Changes the tendon's function from an inverter and plantar-flexor to a dorsiflexory force Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Triceps Surae strength test?

To assess the strength of the Achilles tendon Signup and view all the answers

When would you expect digital deformities to be MOST evident in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

Later in the disease, as muscle weakness progresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome if the Tibialis Anterior muscle does not function properly?

The foot will be in a plantarflexed position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when evaluating rigidity in the subtalar joint, especially in pediatric patients?

Tarsal coalition Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the modified Tardieu scale in muscle testing?

To describe the degree of spasticity Signup and view all the answers

In a Hibbs tenosuspension, what is the purpose of tenodesing the distal aspects of the EDL to the EDB?

To preserve some of the EDL function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of evaluating joint mobility, especially in the subtalar joint?

To guide surgical decision making Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated tarsal coalition?

Cavus foot deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of releasing the proximal aspect of the long extensors in a Hibbs tenosuspension?

To allow for bulk harvesting of the proximal tendon Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the lecture objectives?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the copyright notice in the presentation?

It prohibits reproduction and distribution of the material Signup and view all the answers

What is the intention of the presentation?

To educate students enrolled in the course Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the DMU Integrity Code and federal copyright protection laws?

Unauthorized use is a violation of DMU's integrity code Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Assistant Professor, CPMS, Des Moines University?

Delivering a lecture on pes cavus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of flexor substitution in toe clawing?

Overpowering of intrinsic toe stabilizer muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of extensor substitution in hammertoes?

EDL gains advantage over intrinsic muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of hammertoe subgroups?

Dynamic adaption of the muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of examining the forefoot in a non-weight bearing position?

To evaluate the alignment of the first metatarsal Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of observing the patient's gait?

To identify any difficulty in walking Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of examining the patient's toes during the swing phase of gait?

To identify the point at which the toes curl Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

Muscle imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of digital contractures in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

They are a sign of muscle imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Dwyer osteotomy in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

To correct the alignment of the subtalar joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of untreated cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

Development of pre-ulcerative calluses Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the AFO bracing in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

To provide support and stability to the foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the EMG results in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

They show reduced nerve conduction velocity Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Lateral half of the Tibialis Anterior tendon to the cuboid?

Balances the dorsiflexion effect of the TA Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making a separate incision anterior leg in the PT tendon transfer procedure?

To guide the PT tendon through the interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of transferring the Posterior Tibial tendon to the dorsal lateral midfoot?

Conversion of a plantarflexion force to a dorsiflexor force Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PL to PB tendon transfer?

To remove the PL as a deforming force and reinforce the PB to oppose the inversion force on the cavus foot Signup and view all the answers

What is required in an OUT OF PHASE tendon transfer?

The tendon is passed through the interosseous membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the incision planning in a PL to PB transfer?

To determine how much exposure is needed for the transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

It changes the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, why are digital deformities MOST evident?

Due to the neurogenic cavus and Claw toes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tendon transfers is NOT an inverter and plantar-flexor force?

Posterior tibial to dorsal midfoot transfer Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tendon transfer in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

To change the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Posterior tibial tendon transfer to the dorsal midfoot considered out of phase with gait?

Because it changes the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in surgical management besides the severity of symptoms?

Degree of arthritis in nearby joints Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of surgical management?

Wound healing issues Signup and view all the answers

What is a surgical procedure selection option for joint preservation?

Arthroplasty Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in arthrodesis procedure selection?

Degree of deformity correction needed Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential contraindication for surgical management?

Poorly-controlled comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in surgical management related to nearby joints?

Presence of knee deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical intervention in midfoot and hindfoot arthrodesis?

To relieve pain and stabilize the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical fixation method for subtalar joint arthrodesis?

Screws (6.0, 6.5, 7.0) Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of performing a double arthrodesis instead of a triple arthrodesis?

It spares another potential site for complication Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical postoperative care for arthrodesis procedures?

6-8 weeks of non-weight-bearing in a posterior splint/cast/CAM boot Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach used for neglected calcaneal fracture?

Posterolateral approach Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of motion-sparing procedures in lateral TMT joint arthritis?

Neuropathic population Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when planning an incision for the subtalar joint?

Maintaining normal joint contours Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical sequence of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

Addressing equinus deformity first, followed by gastrocnemius recession or TAL Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the medial approach for subtalar joint incision?

It reduces the risk of additional lateral incision Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle of Glissan's Principles of Arthrodesis?

Accurate and close fitting of the fusion sites Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when selecting an incision for the midfoot and midtarsal joints?

The number of joints involved Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

To achieve a plantigrade foot Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of midfoot arthritis?

Rigid flatfoot Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 3 view foot and 3 view ankle imaging in weightbearing?

To assess deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orthotics in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

To provide functional support Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of periarticular osteophyte formation in imaging studies?

It is a sign of degenerative joint disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a diagnostic injection in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

To localize the joint of concern Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

It can be particularly useful with multiple joint involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

To achieve painless plantigrade functional Signup and view all the answers

What is the common etiology of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

Degenerative joint disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

Deep, aching pain exacerbated with activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of nerve impingement in the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

It is a common finding due to osteophytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the midfoot and rearfoot?

Midfoot includes tarsometatarsal, intercuneiform, and naviculocuneiform joints, rearfoot includes talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, and subtalar joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative treatment options for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

To reduce pain and inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in surgical management decision-making?

Severity of symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication in surgical management?

Wound healing issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of arthrodesis in midfoot and midtarsal joints?

To address CORA Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for surgical management?

Poorly-controlled comorbid conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of arthroplasty in limited scenarios?

To restore joint mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in surgical management related to nearby joints?

Degree of arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in the surgical management of neglected calcaneal fractures?

To regain lost height Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical fixation method for midfoot and midtarsal joints?

Screws and plates Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the talonavicular joint in triple arthrodesis?

It has the greatest range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of performing a double arthrodesis instead of a triple arthrodesis?

It spares another potential site for complication Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical postoperative care for arthrodesis procedures?

6-8 weeks of non-weight-bearing in a posterior splint/cast/CAM boot Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of motion-sparing procedures in lateral TMT joint arthritis?

Neuropathic population Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the textbook cited in the text that discusses foot and ankle surgery?

Mcglamry's comprehensive textbook of foot and ankle surgery Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal in which the article 'Spherical Ceramic Interpositional Arthroplasty for Basal Fourth and Fifth Metatarsal Arthritis' was published?

Foot Ankle Int Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the article 'The Indications for Inducing Fusion at the Ankle Joint by Operation, with Description of Two Successful Techniques'?

D.J.Glissan Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the article 'The Indications for Inducing Fusion at the Ankle Joint by Operation, with Description of Two Successful Techniques' published?

1949 Signup and view all the answers

Who are the authors of the article 'Surgical Correction of Midfoot Arthritis With and Without Deformity'?

A Zonno & M Myerson Signup and view all the answers

In what journal was the article 'Efficacy of Foot and Ankle Corticosteroid Injections' published?

Foot Ankle Int Signup and view all the answers

What is septic arthritis?

An infection of the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in arthrofibrosis?

Loss of range of motion Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pigmented villonodular synovitis?

Excision of the affected tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteochondral lesion?

A defect in the articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of synovitis?

Septic arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid management in ankle arthroscopy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of portals in ankle arthroscopy?

To maximize access and visualization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in contraindications for arthrodesis?

Localized infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of topographical anatomy in portal placement?

It helps avoid important structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of instruments in ankle arthroscopy?

To perform procedures such as osteochondral lesion repair Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when evaluating the risk of neurovascular damage during ankle arthroscopy?

Trocar placement Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of chronic hemorrhagic synovitis?

White and fibrosed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating an anterolateral portal during ankle arthroscopy?

To insert power or hand instrumentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a 21-point survey during ankle arthroscopy?

To address pathology in the ankle joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of osteochondral lesions?

Synovial and osteochondral pathology Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of debridement during ankle arthroscopy?

To remove foreign bodies or loose osseous fragments Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of arthrofibrosis?

Scarring and limited movement Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical differential diagnosis for pigmented villonodular synovitis?

Rheumatoid arthritis and gout Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for subtalar arthroscopy?

Preparation for subtalar arthrodesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the common pathology addressed during ankle arthroscopy?

Synovitis and osteochondral lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of septic arthritis?

Bone and joint destruction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of arthroscopic management in cases of osteochondral lesions?

Removal of loose bodies and debris Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating an anterolateral portal during ankle arthroscopy?

To allow for visualization of the horizon Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 21-point survey in ankle arthroscopy?

To evaluate the entire ankle joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a curved hemostat during ankle arthroscopy?

To dissect gently down to the capsule Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a leg holder during ankle arthroscopy?

To allow for easy ankle positioning Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of ankle arthroscopy?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when evaluating the portals for ankle arthroscopy?

Avoiding important structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of osteochondral lesions?

Defect or injury to the articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microfracture during ankle arthroscopy?

To stimulate cartilage growth Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid management during ankle arthroscopy?

Maximizing visualization Signup and view all the answers

What is synovial chondromatosis?

Rare, benign disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anteromedial portal in ankle arthroscopy?

To access the anteromedial aspect of the ankle Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of recurrence in synovial chondromatosis?

Anticipated outcome Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of avoiding the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve during ankle arthroscopy?

To protect the nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the trocar and obturator in ankle arthroscopy?

To create portals Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for arthrodesis in ankle joint pathology?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using chondral picks and osteotomes in ankle arthroscopy?

To debride the joint Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between arthroscopy simulator and video game performance, according to a cross-sectional study of 30 volunteers?

It is positively correlated with 3-dimensional video games Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the copyright notice in the presentation?

To provide a disclaimer for the use of copyrighted material under the Fair Use and TEACH Act guidelines Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of visualization in arthroscopy?

To allow for superior visualization for management of intraarticular pathology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of soft tissue pathology?

Synovitis and fibrous bands Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the year 2016 in the context of the presentation?

It is the year the study on arthroscopy simulator and video game performance was conducted Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pigmented villonodular synovitis?

A type of synovitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the credits section in the presentation?

To give credit to the creators of the presentation template and icons Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of osseous and osteochondral pathology?

Avulsion injuries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary audience for the presentation?

Students enrolled in a medical course Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Bassett's ligament and lesion?

A type of distal fascicle of the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament with secondary chondromalacia Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of arthroscopy in the management of intraarticular pathology?

It is a minimally invasive method for joint access that offers superior visualization Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of Peroneus longus tear?

At the distal fibula Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Peroneus brevis tear?

Increased pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conservative treatment for Peroneal tendonitis?

Rest and reduction of activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical management for Peroneal tendon subluxation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the Redfern and Myerson algorithm used for?

Deciding on surgical management for Peroneal tendon tears Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of untreated Peroneal tendon tears?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical management of Peroneal tendon pathology?

Failure of conservative management Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical management for Peroneal tendon tears?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of peroneal tendinosis?

Thickening of the tendon with focal degeneration and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for Peroneal tendon subluxation?

Chronic stress and degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is the common mechanism of peroneal tendon subluxation?

Forceful dorsiflexion of the ankle with hindfoot in an inverted position Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Peroneal tendon subluxation?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Eckert and Davis Classification in peroneal tendon subluxation?

To classify the degree of peroneal tendon subluxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hypertrophied peroneal tubercle?

Tearing of the os peroneum Signup and view all the answers

What is the presentation of peroneal tendonitis?

Pain posterior to lateral malleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of peroneal tendon rupture?

Disability and loss of function Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiograph in peroneal tendon imaging?

To rule out stress fractures, tumors, and osteophytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of peroneal tenosynovitis?

Inflammation of the tendon sheath Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of forceful dorsiflexion of the ankle with hindfoot in an inverted position?

Peroneal tendon subluxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Fleck sign in peroneal tendon imaging?

To evaluate for superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recognizing imaging techniques in peroneal tendon pathology?

To differentiate between peroneal tendinosis and tendonitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between peroneal tendinosis and tendonitis?

Tendinosis is a chronic condition, while tendonitis is acute Signup and view all the answers

What is the common anatomical location of peroneal tendon rupture?

At the level of the retromalleolar groove Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of peroneal tendon subluxation?

Anatomical variation or defect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative management in peroneal tendon pathology?

To promote tendon healing and repair Signup and view all the answers

Callusing and Muscle Imbalance

Podcast Beta

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

Which of the following tendon transfers is OUT of phase?

During muscle testing, how would you individually test the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

In a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes, what is the likely underlying diagnosis?

What could be a sign of muscle imbalance in a patient with a Cavus foot?

What is the significance of observing the subtalar joint mobility during muscle testing?

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot?

What is the purpose of the Triceps Surae strength test?

When would you expect digital deformities to be MOST evident in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

What is the expected outcome if the Tibialis Anterior muscle does not function properly?

What is the primary concern when evaluating rigidity in the subtalar joint, especially in pediatric patients?

What is the purpose of the modified Tardieu scale in muscle testing?

In a Hibbs tenosuspension, what is the purpose of tenodesing the distal aspects of the EDL to the EDB?

What is the primary goal of evaluating joint mobility, especially in the subtalar joint?

What is the consequence of untreated tarsal coalition?

What is the purpose of releasing the proximal aspect of the long extensors in a Hibbs tenosuspension?

What is the main focus of the lecture objectives?

What is the significance of the copyright notice in the presentation?

What is the intention of the presentation?

What is implied by the DMU Integrity Code and federal copyright protection laws?

What is the role of the Assistant Professor, CPMS, Des Moines University?

What is the primary consequence of flexor substitution in toe clawing?

What is the characteristic of extensor substitution in hammertoes?

What is the primary etiology of hammertoe subgroups?

What is the significance of examining the forefoot in a non-weight bearing position?

What is the primary goal of observing the patient's gait?

What is the significance of examining the patient's toes during the swing phase of gait?

What is the primary reason for the development of cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

What is the significance of digital contractures in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

What is the purpose of the Dwyer osteotomy in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

What is the expected outcome of untreated cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

What is the role of the AFO bracing in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

What is the significance of the EMG results in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

What is the effect of transferring the Lateral half of the Tibialis Anterior tendon to the cuboid?

What is the purpose of making a separate incision anterior leg in the PT tendon transfer procedure?

What is the consequence of transferring the Posterior Tibial tendon to the dorsal lateral midfoot?

What is the purpose of the PL to PB tendon transfer?

What is required in an OUT OF PHASE tendon transfer?

What is the significance of the incision planning in a PL to PB transfer?

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

In a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, why are digital deformities MOST evident?

Which of the following tendon transfers is NOT an inverter and plantar-flexor force?

What is the primary function of the tendon transfer in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

Why is the Posterior tibial tendon transfer to the dorsal midfoot considered out of phase with gait?

What is a key consideration in surgical management besides the severity of symptoms?

What is a potential complication of surgical management?

What is a surgical procedure selection option for joint preservation?

What is a consideration in arthrodesis procedure selection?

What is a potential contraindication for surgical management?

What is a consideration in surgical management related to nearby joints?

What is the primary goal of surgical intervention in midfoot and hindfoot arthrodesis?

What is the typical fixation method for subtalar joint arthrodesis?

What is the benefit of performing a double arthrodesis instead of a triple arthrodesis?

What is the typical postoperative care for arthrodesis procedures?

What is the approach used for neglected calcaneal fracture?

What is the primary indication for the use of motion-sparing procedures in lateral TMT joint arthritis?

What is the primary consideration when planning an incision for the subtalar joint?

What is the typical sequence of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

What is the primary advantage of using the medial approach for subtalar joint incision?

What is the key principle of Glissan's Principles of Arthrodesis?

What is the primary consideration when selecting an incision for the midfoot and midtarsal joints?

What is the primary goal of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

What is the primary manifestation of midfoot arthritis?

What is the purpose of a 3 view foot and 3 view ankle imaging in weightbearing?

What is the role of orthotics in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

What is the significance of periarticular osteophyte formation in imaging studies?

What is the purpose of a diagnostic injection in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

What is the benefit of using an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

What is the primary goal of treatment for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the common etiology of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the characteristic of the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the significance of nerve impingement in the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the difference between the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the primary goal of conservative treatment options for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

What is the primary consideration in surgical management decision-making?

What is a common complication in surgical management?