Callusing and Muscle Imbalance
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

  • To evert the foot
  • To invert the foot only
  • To dorsiflex and invert the foot (correct)
  • To plantarflex the foot

What is the primary function of the tibialis anterior muscle?

  • Inversion and dorsiflexion (correct)
  • Eversion and plantarflexion
  • Adduction and flexion
  • Abduction and extension

Which of the following tendon transfers is OUT of phase?

  • Peroneus longus to Peroneus Brevis anastomosis
  • Jones Tenosuspension
  • Hibbs tenosuspension
  • Posterior tibial to dorsal midfoot transfer (correct)

During muscle testing, how would you individually test the Peroneus Brevis muscle?

<p>Plantarflex and evert the foot against resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes, what is the likely underlying diagnosis?

<p>Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a sign of muscle imbalance in a patient with a Cavus foot?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of observing the subtalar joint mobility during muscle testing?

<p>It helps to diagnose muscle imbalance in the foot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot?

<p>Changes the tendon's function from an inverter and plantar-flexor to a dorsiflexory force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Triceps Surae strength test?

<p>To assess the strength of the Achilles tendon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When would you expect digital deformities to be MOST evident in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

<p>Later in the disease, as muscle weakness progresses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome if the Tibialis Anterior muscle does not function properly?

<p>The foot will be in a plantarflexed position (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when evaluating rigidity in the subtalar joint, especially in pediatric patients?

<p>Tarsal coalition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the modified Tardieu scale in muscle testing?

<p>To describe the degree of spasticity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a Hibbs tenosuspension, what is the purpose of tenodesing the distal aspects of the EDL to the EDB?

<p>To preserve some of the EDL function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of evaluating joint mobility, especially in the subtalar joint?

<p>To guide surgical decision making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of untreated tarsal coalition?

<p>Cavus foot deformity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of releasing the proximal aspect of the long extensors in a Hibbs tenosuspension?

<p>To allow for bulk harvesting of the proximal tendon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the lecture objectives?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the copyright notice in the presentation?

<p>It prohibits reproduction and distribution of the material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the intention of the presentation?

<p>To educate students enrolled in the course (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is implied by the DMU Integrity Code and federal copyright protection laws?

<p>Unauthorized use is a violation of DMU's integrity code (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Assistant Professor, CPMS, Des Moines University?

<p>Delivering a lecture on pes cavus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of flexor substitution in toe clawing?

<p>Overpowering of intrinsic toe stabilizer muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of extensor substitution in hammertoes?

<p>EDL gains advantage over intrinsic muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary etiology of hammertoe subgroups?

<p>Dynamic adaption of the muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of examining the forefoot in a non-weight bearing position?

<p>To evaluate the alignment of the first metatarsal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of observing the patient's gait?

<p>To identify any difficulty in walking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of examining the patient's toes during the swing phase of gait?

<p>To identify the point at which the toes curl (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the development of cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

<p>Muscle imbalance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of digital contractures in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

<p>They are a sign of muscle imbalance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Dwyer osteotomy in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

<p>To correct the alignment of the subtalar joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of untreated cavus foot deformity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

<p>Development of pre-ulcerative calluses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the AFO bracing in the treatment of cavus foot deformity?

<p>To provide support and stability to the foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the EMG results in the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

<p>They show reduced nerve conduction velocity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Lateral half of the Tibialis Anterior tendon to the cuboid?

<p>Balances the dorsiflexion effect of the TA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of making a separate incision anterior leg in the PT tendon transfer procedure?

<p>To guide the PT tendon through the interosseous membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of transferring the Posterior Tibial tendon to the dorsal lateral midfoot?

<p>Conversion of a plantarflexion force to a dorsiflexor force (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the PL to PB tendon transfer?

<p>To remove the PL as a deforming force and reinforce the PB to oppose the inversion force on the cavus foot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required in an OUT OF PHASE tendon transfer?

<p>The tendon is passed through the interosseous membrane (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the incision planning in a PL to PB transfer?

<p>To determine how much exposure is needed for the transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of transferring the Posterior tibial tendon to the dorsal midfoot in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

<p>It changes the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, why are digital deformities MOST evident?

<p>Due to the neurogenic cavus and Claw toes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tendon transfers is NOT an inverter and plantar-flexor force?

<p>Posterior tibial to dorsal midfoot transfer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tendon transfer in a patient with neurogenic cavus and Claw toes?

<p>To change the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Posterior tibial tendon transfer to the dorsal midfoot considered out of phase with gait?

<p>Because it changes the inverter and plantar-flexor force to a dorsiflexory force (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration in surgical management besides the severity of symptoms?

<p>Degree of arthritis in nearby joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of surgical management?

<p>Wound healing issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a surgical procedure selection option for joint preservation?

<p>Arthroplasty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in arthrodesis procedure selection?

<p>Degree of deformity correction needed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential contraindication for surgical management?

<p>Poorly-controlled comorbid conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in surgical management related to nearby joints?

<p>Presence of knee deformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical intervention in midfoot and hindfoot arthrodesis?

<p>To relieve pain and stabilize the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical fixation method for subtalar joint arthrodesis?

<p>Screws (6.0, 6.5, 7.0) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of performing a double arthrodesis instead of a triple arthrodesis?

<p>It spares another potential site for complication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical postoperative care for arthrodesis procedures?

<p>6-8 weeks of non-weight-bearing in a posterior splint/cast/CAM boot (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approach used for neglected calcaneal fracture?

<p>Posterolateral approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of motion-sparing procedures in lateral TMT joint arthritis?

<p>Neuropathic population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when planning an incision for the subtalar joint?

<p>Maintaining normal joint contours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical sequence of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

<p>Addressing equinus deformity first, followed by gastrocnemius recession or TAL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using the medial approach for subtalar joint incision?

<p>It reduces the risk of additional lateral incision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key principle of Glissan's Principles of Arthrodesis?

<p>Accurate and close fitting of the fusion sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when selecting an incision for the midfoot and midtarsal joints?

<p>The number of joints involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical management in proximal to distal correction?

<p>To achieve a plantigrade foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of midfoot arthritis?

<p>Rigid flatfoot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a 3 view foot and 3 view ankle imaging in weightbearing?

<p>To assess deformity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of orthotics in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

<p>To provide functional support (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of periarticular osteophyte formation in imaging studies?

<p>It is a sign of degenerative joint disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a diagnostic injection in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

<p>To localize the joint of concern (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using an ankle foot orthosis (AFO) in nonsurgical management of midfoot arthritis?

<p>It can be particularly useful with multiple joint involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>To achieve painless plantigrade functional (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common etiology of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>Degenerative joint disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>Deep, aching pain exacerbated with activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of nerve impingement in the clinical presentation of arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>It is a common finding due to osteophytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>Midfoot includes tarsometatarsal, intercuneiform, and naviculocuneiform joints, rearfoot includes talonavicular, calcaneocuboid, and subtalar joints (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative treatment options for arthritis in the midfoot and rearfoot?

<p>To reduce pain and inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration in surgical management decision-making?

<p>Severity of symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication in surgical management?

<p>Wound healing issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of arthrodesis in midfoot and midtarsal joints?

<p>To address CORA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for surgical management?

<p>Poorly-controlled comorbid conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of arthroplasty in limited scenarios?

<p>To restore joint mobility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration in surgical management related to nearby joints?

<p>Degree of arthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal in the surgical management of neglected calcaneal fractures?

<p>To regain lost height (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical fixation method for midfoot and midtarsal joints?

<p>Screws and plates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the talonavicular joint in triple arthrodesis?

<p>It has the greatest range of motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of performing a double arthrodesis instead of a triple arthrodesis?

<p>It spares another potential site for complication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical postoperative care for arthrodesis procedures?

<p>6-8 weeks of non-weight-bearing in a posterior splint/cast/CAM boot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of motion-sparing procedures in lateral TMT joint arthritis?

<p>Neuropathic population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the textbook cited in the text that discusses foot and ankle surgery?

<p>Mcglamry's comprehensive textbook of foot and ankle surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the title of the journal in which the article 'Spherical Ceramic Interpositional Arthroplasty for Basal Fourth and Fifth Metatarsal Arthritis' was published?

<p>Foot Ankle Int (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is the author of the article 'The Indications for Inducing Fusion at the Ankle Joint by Operation, with Description of Two Successful Techniques'?

<p>D.J.Glissan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the article 'The Indications for Inducing Fusion at the Ankle Joint by Operation, with Description of Two Successful Techniques' published?

<p>1949 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the authors of the article 'Surgical Correction of Midfoot Arthritis With and Without Deformity'?

<p>A Zonno &amp; M Myerson (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what journal was the article 'Efficacy of Foot and Ankle Corticosteroid Injections' published?

<p>Foot Ankle Int (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is septic arthritis?

<p>An infection of the joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in arthrofibrosis?

<p>Loss of range of motion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for pigmented villonodular synovitis?

<p>Excision of the affected tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteochondral lesion?

<p>A defect in the articular cartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of synovitis?

<p>Septic arthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid management in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of portals in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To maximize access and visualization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in contraindications for arthrodesis?

<p>Localized infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of topographical anatomy in portal placement?

<p>It helps avoid important structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of instruments in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To perform procedures such as osteochondral lesion repair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration when evaluating the risk of neurovascular damage during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>Trocar placement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical appearance of chronic hemorrhagic synovitis?

<p>White and fibrosed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating an anterolateral portal during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To insert power or hand instrumentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a 21-point survey during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To address pathology in the ankle joint (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of osteochondral lesions?

<p>Synovial and osteochondral pathology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of debridement during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To remove foreign bodies or loose osseous fragments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of arthrofibrosis?

<p>Scarring and limited movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical differential diagnosis for pigmented villonodular synovitis?

<p>Rheumatoid arthritis and gout (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for subtalar arthroscopy?

<p>Preparation for subtalar arthrodesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common pathology addressed during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>Synovitis and osteochondral lesions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication of septic arthritis?

<p>Bone and joint destruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of arthroscopic management in cases of osteochondral lesions?

<p>Removal of loose bodies and debris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of creating an anterolateral portal during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To allow for visualization of the horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the 21-point survey in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To evaluate the entire ankle joint (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a curved hemostat during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To dissect gently down to the capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using a leg holder during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To allow for easy ankle positioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of ankle arthroscopy?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern when evaluating the portals for ankle arthroscopy?

<p>Avoiding important structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of osteochondral lesions?

<p>Defect or injury to the articular cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of microfracture during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To stimulate cartilage growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of fluid management during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>Maximizing visualization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is synovial chondromatosis?

<p>Rare, benign disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anteromedial portal in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To access the anteromedial aspect of the ankle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of recurrence in synovial chondromatosis?

<p>Anticipated outcome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of avoiding the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve during ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To protect the nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the trocar and obturator in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To create portals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication for arthrodesis in ankle joint pathology?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using chondral picks and osteotomes in ankle arthroscopy?

<p>To debride the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between arthroscopy simulator and video game performance, according to a cross-sectional study of 30 volunteers?

<p>It is positively correlated with 3-dimensional video games (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the copyright notice in the presentation?

<p>To provide a disclaimer for the use of copyrighted material under the Fair Use and TEACH Act guidelines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of visualization in arthroscopy?

<p>To allow for superior visualization for management of intraarticular pathology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of soft tissue pathology?

<p>Synovitis and fibrous bands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the year 2016 in the context of the presentation?

<p>It is the year the study on arthroscopy simulator and video game performance was conducted (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pigmented villonodular synovitis?

<p>A type of synovitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the credits section in the presentation?

<p>To give credit to the creators of the presentation template and icons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for performing an ankle arthroscopy in cases of osseous and osteochondral pathology?

<p>Avulsion injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary audience for the presentation?

<p>Students enrolled in a medical course (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Bassett's ligament and lesion?

<p>A type of distal fascicle of the anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament with secondary chondromalacia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of arthroscopy in the management of intraarticular pathology?

<p>It is a minimally invasive method for joint access that offers superior visualization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of Peroneus longus tear?

<p>At the distal fibula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a risk factor for Peroneus brevis tear?

<p>Increased pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conservative treatment for Peroneal tendonitis?

<p>Rest and reduction of activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical management for Peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Redfern and Myerson algorithm used for?

<p>Deciding on surgical management for Peroneal tendon tears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of untreated Peroneal tendon tears?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical management of Peroneal tendon pathology?

<p>Failure of conservative management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of surgical management for Peroneal tendon tears?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of peroneal tendinosis?

<p>Thickening of the tendon with focal degeneration and swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor for Peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>Chronic stress and degeneration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common mechanism of peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>Forceful dorsiflexion of the ankle with hindfoot in an inverted position (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of Peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Eckert and Davis Classification in peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>To classify the degree of peroneal tendon subluxation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of hypertrophied peroneal tubercle?

<p>Tearing of the os peroneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the presentation of peroneal tendonitis?

<p>Pain posterior to lateral malleolus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of peroneal tendon rupture?

<p>Disability and loss of function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiograph in peroneal tendon imaging?

<p>To rule out stress fractures, tumors, and osteophytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of peroneal tenosynovitis?

<p>Inflammation of the tendon sheath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of forceful dorsiflexion of the ankle with hindfoot in an inverted position?

<p>Peroneal tendon subluxation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Fleck sign in peroneal tendon imaging?

<p>To evaluate for superior peroneal retinaculum avulsion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recognizing imaging techniques in peroneal tendon pathology?

<p>To differentiate between peroneal tendinosis and tendonitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between peroneal tendinosis and tendonitis?

<p>Tendinosis is a chronic condition, while tendonitis is acute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common anatomical location of peroneal tendon rupture?

<p>At the level of the retromalleolar groove (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of peroneal tendon subluxation?

<p>Anatomical variation or defect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of conservative management in peroneal tendon pathology?

<p>To promote tendon healing and repair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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