Calculus: Understanding Derivatives

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Questions and Answers

Suppose $f(x)$ is differentiable at $x = a$. Which of the following statements is MOST accurate concerning the relationship between differentiability and continuity of $f(x)$ at $x = a$?

  • If $f(x)$ is continuous at $x = a$, then $f(x)$ is differentiable at $x = a$.
  • If $f(x)$ is not continuous at $x = a$, then $f(x)$ is differentiable at $x = a$.
  • If $f(x)$ is differentiable at $x = a$, then $f(x)$ is not necessarily continuous at $x = a$.
  • If $f(x)$ is differentiable at $x = a$, then $f(x)$ is continuous at $x = a$. (correct)

The derivative of a function at a point represents the slope of the secant line to the function at that point.

False (B)

Determine the derivative of $f(x) = c$, where $c$ is a constant. Write your answer as a simple equation.

$f'(x) = 0$

The derivative of a linear function $f(x) = ax + b$ is equal to the __________ of x.

<p>coefficient</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $f(x) = x^n$, where $n$ is a real number, determine $f'(x)$:

<p>$f'(x) = nx^{n-1}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $h(t) = 8t^3 - \frac{2}{5t^2} - t + 12$, what is $h'(t)$?

<p>$24t^2 + \frac{4}{5t^3} - 1$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $I(s) = \sqrt{s} + 9\sqrt[3]{s^2} - \frac{4}{\sqrt{s^3}}$, what is $I'(s)$?

<p>$\frac{1}{2\sqrt{s}} + \frac{6}{\sqrt[3]{s}} + \frac{6}{\sqrt{s^7}}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $f(x) = \sqrt{x}(5x^4 + 10x - 72)$, compute $f'(x)$. Pick the closest match:

<p>$\frac{45}{2}x^{\frac{7}{2}} + 15x^{\frac{1}{2}} - 36x^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Calculate the derivative of $g(x) = \frac{8x^2 - 5x}{x^2} - 2x^{-2}$:

<p>$16x - 5 + 4x^{-3}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $y = (4x^2 - 5)(8x - 7)$, find the derived function:

<p>$96x^2 - 56x - 40$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine $y'$ for $y = \sqrt[4]{x^3}(4x^2 - 5)$:

<p>$11x^{\frac{7}{4}} - \frac{15}{4}x^{-\frac{1}{4}}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Differentiate $y = (\frac{4}{x} + 1)(x^2 - 2x + 3)$ to find $y'$:

<p>$2x + 2 - \frac{12}{x^2}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Find the derivative of $y = (1 + \sqrt{x})(\sqrt[5]{x^2} - \sqrt[3]{x})$:

<p>$\frac{2}{5}x^{-\frac{3}{5}} - \frac{1}{3}x^{-\frac{2}{3}} + \frac{1}{5}x^{-\frac{9}{10}} - \frac{1}{6}x^{-\frac{5}{6}}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given $y = \frac{4x^2 - 5}{8x - 7}$, find $y'$:

<p>$\frac{32x^2 - 56x + 40}{(8x - 7)^2}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compute the derivative of $y = \frac{8\sqrt{x}}{1 - 2x^4}$:

<p>$\frac{4x^{-\frac{1}{2}} + 56x^{\frac{7}{2}}}{(1 - 2x^4)^2}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the derived function of $y = \frac{1 + 2x^4}{1 - 2x^4}$:

<p>$\frac{16x^3}{(1 - 2x^4)^2}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the function $f(x) = (x^3 - 3)^{100}$, find $f'(x)$.

<p>$300x^2(x^3 - 3)^{99}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the derivative of $f(x) = \sqrt{x^4 - 2x^3 + 2x - 11}$.

<p>$\frac{2x^3 - 3x^2 + 1}{\sqrt{x^4 - 2x^3 + 2x - 11}}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Let $y = (x^2 - 1)^4(x^3 + 1)^8$. Find $y'$ in simplified form.

<p>$(x^2 - 1)^3 (x^3 + 1)^7 (8x)(4x^3 + 3x - 1)$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Determine the derivative $\frac{dy}{dx}$ of $y = \frac{(x^2 + 2x + 3)^3}{(2x^3 - 1)^2}$.

<p>$\frac{-6(2x^3 - 1)(x^2 + 2x + 3)^2 (2x^3 + 6x^2 + x + 1)}{(2x^3 - 1)^4}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the volume of water in a tank is given by $V(t) = 3t^2 - 12t + 6$, then at $t=2$ minutes the volume of water will be constant.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To differentiate a sum or difference of functions, one must differentiate individual terms and then put them back together with opposite signs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the limit definition of the derivative, determine the derivative of $f(x) = 5x^2 + 3x - 2$.

<p>10x + 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

Express the chain rule using Leibniz notation for $y = f(u)$ and $u = g(x)$.

<p>$\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{du} \cdot \frac{du}{dx}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match each function type with its corresponding derivative rule.

<p>Constant Function: $f(x)=c$ = $f'(x)=0$ Linear Function: $f(x)=ax+b$ = $f'(x)=a$ Power Rule: $f(x)=x^n$ = $f'(x)=nx^{n-1}$ Product Rule: $y = f(x)g(x)$ = $y' = f(x)g'(x) + f'(x)g(x)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Assuming the function $f(x)$ is not differentiable at $x=c$, what must be true concerning $f(x)$ at $x=c$?

<p>No conclusion can be made about the continuity of $f(x)$. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The derivative of $f(x) + g(x)$ is equal to $f'(x) + g'(x) + f(x)g(x)$

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ rule enables the calculation of derivatives for composite functions.

<p>chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the formula $f'(x) = lim_{h \to 0} \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h}$ represent?

<p>The instantaneous rate of change of $f$ with respect to $x$. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the function $f(x) = 20x^5 - 25x^4 + 10x - 71$, what is its derived function $f'(x)$?

<p>$100x^4 - 100x^3 + 10$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the sum and difference rules, the derivative $(f(x) + g(x))'$ always equals $f'(x) - g'(x)$

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the functions, match the application of derivative rule.

<p>Product Rule = Used for differentiating a product of two function, such as $y = f(x)g(x)$ Chain Rule = Used for composite functions, such as $u = g(x)$, $y = f(u)$ Quotient Rule = Used for differentiating functions that are divided, such as $y = f(x)/g(x)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

Suppose $f(x) = \frac{a}{x} + bx^2$, where $a$ and $b$ are arbitrary real numbers. What are the conditions under which $f'(1) = 0$?

<p>Whenever $a - 2b = 0$ or $a = b = 0$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $f(x)=x^{2}+2x+5$ apply the definition of the derivative to determine $f'(x)$. Show your algebraic work.

<p>2x+2</p> Signup and view all the answers

If $y = x^{x}$ then $\frac{dy}{dx} = x^{x}$

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consider the function $f(x) = |x|$. Which statement is most accurate?

<p>Differentiable everywhere except at $x = 0$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rule is applied while computing the derived function $y = \frac{u}{v}$, where $u$ equals $f(x)$ and $v$ equals $g(x)$?

<p>Quotient Rule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the properties of differentiation, the derivative of $cf(x)$ equals $c$ multiplied by the derivative of ____.

<p>f(x)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Differentiation

The process of finding a derivative.

Derivative

A limit used to find the slope of the tangent line to a function.

Differentiable Function

f(x) is differentiable at x=a if f'(a) exists.

Derivative of a Constant

The derivative of f(x) is always zero

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Derivative of a Linear Function

The derivative is equal to 'a'

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The Sum and Difference Rule

A rule for derivatives of functions with multiple terms.

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Constant Multiple Rule

The constant multiple stays when differentiating.

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Power Rule

If f(x) = x^n, then f'(x) = nx^(n-1).

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Product Rule

(f(x)g(x))' = f(x)g'(x) + f'(x)g(x)

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Quotient Rule

Derivative of a quotient of two functions.

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Chain Rule

F'(x) = f'(g(x))g'(x)

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Study Notes

Derivatives

  • Derivatives find the slope of a line tangent to a function at a point.
  • Derivatives have uses across different disciplines like velocity and acceleration in physics marginal profit roles in business, and growth rates in biology.
  • Finding the derivative is called differentiation.
  • The derivative of f(x) with respect to x is f'(x) when the limit exists.

Derivative Definition

  • f ‘(x) = lim (f(x + h) - f(x)) / h as h approaches 0.
  • A function, f(x), is differentiable at x = a if f '(a) exists.
  • f(x) is differentiable on an interval if the derivative exists for each point in that internal.
  • If f(x) is differentiable at x=a then f(x) is continuous at x=a.

Derivatives as Rate of Change

  • A derivative signifies a rate of change.
  • If f(x) is a quantity then f '(a) is the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x = a.
  • Amount of water in a tank at t minutes is given by V(t) = 3t² - 12t + 6.
  • Rate of change at t=1 is V'(1) = 6(1) – 12 = − 6.
  • At t = 1 the rate of change is negative which means the in tank is decreasing.
  • Rate of change at t=5 is V'(5) = 6(5) – 12 = 18.
  • At t=5 the rate of change is positive which means the volume in tank is increasing.
  • Volume is not changing at V’(t)=0 or 6t – 12 = 0, and t will equal 2 minutes.

Constant Derivation

  • The function f(x) always equals a constant c, thus f(x) = c and f(x + h) = c.
  • f'(x) = lim (f(x+h)-f(x)) / h = lim (c-c) / h = 0/h == 0 as h approaches 0.

Linear Function Derivation

  • The function f(x) equals ax + b, thus f(x) always equals ax + b and f(x + h) = a(x + h) + b = ax + ah + b
  • f'(x) = lim (f(x+h)-f(x)) / h = lim (ax+ah+b-(ax+b)) / h = (ah) / h= a as h approaches 0.
  • The derivative of a linear fucntion is always a constant and equals the coefficient of x.

Quadratic Function Derivation

  • Let the function f(x) equal ax², where a is a constant.
  • f(x) = ax2 and f(x + h) = a(x + h)2 = a(x² + 2xh + h²) = ax2 + 2axh + ah²
  • f'(x) = lim (f(x+h)-f(x)) / h = lim (ax² + 2axh + ah²-ax2) / h = (2axh + ah²) / h =2ax + ah as h approaches 0
  • f′(x) = 2ax since h approaches 0

Sum and Difference Rules

  • The sum and difference rules allow derivatives of multiple term functions.
  • (f(x) ± g(x))' = f '(x) ± g'(x).

Constant Multiple Rule

  • (cf(x))' = cf '(x).
  • The derivative of a constant times a function is the constant times the derivative.

Constant Derivative

  • If f(x) = c, then f'(x) = 0.
  • The derivative of a constant is zero.

Power Rule

  • If f(x) = xn, then f'(x) = nxn-1, 1, n represents any number.

Product Rule

  • If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable, then the product is differentiable.
  • (f (x)g(x))' = f (x)g'(x) + f '(x)g (x)

Quotient Rule

  • If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable, then the quotient is differentiable.
  • (f(x) / g(x))’ = (g(x)f'(x) − f(x)g'(x)) / [g(x)]2

Chain Rule

  • If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable, and F(x) = (f°g)(x), then the derivative of F(x) is: F'(x) = f '(g(x))g'(x)
  • if y = f(u) and u = g(x), then dy/dx = (dy/du) * (du/dx)

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