Calcium

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Questions and Answers

What is the majority location of calcium in the body?

  • Muscle and other tissues
  • Extracellular fluid
  • Blood
  • Bones and teeth (correct)

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for adults?

  • 800mg
  • 1000mg
  • 550g
  • 1200mg (correct)

What is the main physiological factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

  • Dietary factors
  • Age
  • Vitamin D status (correct)
  • Pregnancy

Which food contributes approximately 200mg of calcium intake in Ireland?

<p>1 small carton yoghurt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of calcium is absorbed actively in the small intestine?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the plasma concentration of Ca+ in mg/100 ml?

<p>9-10.4 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is concentration dependent in calcium absorption?

<p>Active absorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is part of bone structure and considered as a 'calcium bank'?

<p>Calcium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calcium intake recommendation for 1-10 year olds?

<p>1000mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physiological factor affects calcium absorption and metabolism in relation to pregnancy?

<p>Pregnancy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dietary factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

<p>Oxalates and phytates in foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone prevents reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys?

<p>Calcitonin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of plasma calcium concentration in milligrams per 100 milliliters?

<p>9-10.4 mg/100 ml (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone inhibits the action of vitamin D?

<p>Calcitonin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of calcitonin in calcium metabolism?

<p>Prevents calcium resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vitamin D in calcium metabolism?

<p>Enhances calcium absorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin in response to rising blood calcium levels?

<p>Inhibits bone demineralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D on bone demineralization?

<p>Stimulate bone demineralization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts in calcium metabolism?

<p>Mobilization of calcium from bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood calcium levels on bone metabolism?

<p>Bone formation increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of bone turnover in an aging adult?

<p>Bone breakdown exceeds formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of calcium toxicity?

<p>Kidney stones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin in response to rising blood calcium levels?

<p>Limits calcium resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium metabolism?

<p>Stimulates calcium reabsorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood calcium levels on bone metabolism?

<p>Bone demineralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in calcium metabolism?

<p>Stimulates calcium reabsorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of plasma calcium concentration in milligrams per 100 milliliters?

<p>9-10.4 mg/100 ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the WHO definition of osteopenia based on bone mineral density (BMD)?

<p>BMD between −1 and −2.5 SD of the young adult mean (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the US UL for calcium intake per day?

<p>2500 mg/day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of extraskeletal calcium utilization in the body?

<p>Bone turnover/remodeling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of calcium deficiency?

<p>Reduced bone mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoclasts in calcium metabolism?

<p>Mobilization of calcium from bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of high blood calcium levels on calcium excretion?

<p>Increased calcium reabsorption in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vitamin D in calcium absorption?

<p>Stimulates calcium absorption in the intestines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average amount of calcium supplied by 6 medium slices of white or brown bread?

<p>150 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for adults according to EFSA?

<p>1200 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of calcium is absorbed actively in the small intestine?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

<p>Vitamin D status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the plasma concentration of Ca+ in mg/100 ml?

<p>9-10.4 mg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of extraskeletal calcium utilization in the body?

<p>Other tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of high blood calcium levels on bone metabolism?

<p>Increased bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in calcium metabolism?

<p>Stimulates bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dietary factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

<p>Oxalates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of calcitonin in response to rising blood calcium levels?

<p>Inhibits bone resorption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of calcium deficiency?

<p>Osteoporosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of calcium toxicity?

<p>Kidney stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoclasts in calcium metabolism?

<p>Promote bone resorption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D on bone demineralization?

<p>Stimulate bone demineralization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of calcium toxicity?

<p>Kidney stones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food contributes approximately 200mg of calcium intake in Ireland?

<p>Small piece of cheddar cheese (28g) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of plasma calcium concentration in milligrams per 100 milliliters?

<p>9-10.4 mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcitonin in calcium metabolism?

<p>Inhibit bone resorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of bone turnover in an aging adult?

<p>Decreased bone density (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main physiological factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

<p>Vitamin D status (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main dietary factor affecting calcium absorption and metabolism?

<p>Oxalates and phytates in foods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

<p>Calcium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of calcium for adults?

<p>1200mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys?

<p>Parathyroid hormone (PTH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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