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Calcium Distribution in the Body

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of calcium in the body is primarily found in bone?

99% (correct)

50%

75%

Which form accounts for the highest percentage of calcium in the blood?

Bound to anions

Bound to proteins

In bone tissue

Free Ca2+ ions (ionized Ca2+) (correct)

Why is the concentration of ionized Ca2+ in blood significantly higher than in the cytosol of muscle cells?

Calcium is mostly stored in the cytosol.

Calcium only plays a role in bone formation.

Muscle cells do not require calcium.

A large gradient is maintained for calcium flux. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a form that calcium in blood is distributed among?

<p>Stored in bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change can dramatically affect calcium concentrations during critical care?

<p>Concentrations of citrate, HCO3-, lactate, PO4-, and albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Calcium Distribution in the Body

Approximately 99% of body calcium is found in bone.
The remaining 1% is primarily in blood and other extracellular fluid (ECF).
Intracellular calcium (cytosol) is very low in most cells.
Blood ionized calcium concentration is significantly higher than in cardiac or smooth muscle cells (5,000-10,000 times greater).
This large gradient is crucial for rapid calcium influx.

Forms of Blood Calcium

45% of blood calcium is free ionized calcium.
40% is bound to protein, mainly albumin.
15% is bound to anions like bicarbonate, citrate, phosphate, and lactate.

Calcium Measurement Considerations

Blood calcium levels are affected by factors like citrate, bicarbonate, lactate, phosphate, and albumin concentrations.
These factors can significantly fluctuate in conditions like critical illness or surgery.
Consequently, total calcium levels are not a reliable predictor of ionized calcium, particularly in acutely ill patients.

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Description

This quiz explores the role and distribution of calcium in the human body, highlighting the significant presence in bones and its crucial role in blood. It also discusses the different forms of blood calcium and the factors affecting calcium measurement. Ideal for students studying physiology or health sciences.