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Calcium Distribution and Forms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of total Ca2+ in the body is found in bone?

90%

75%

99% (correct)

50%

Which form constitutes the largest percentage of circulating Ca2+ in the blood?

Free Ca2+ ions (correct)

Bound to proteins

Bound to anions

Total Ca2+ measurements

What is the primary reason why total Ca2+ cannot be reliably used to infer ionized Ca2+ levels, especially in critically ill patients?

All forms of Ca2+ are equivalent in terms of physiological relevance.

Total Ca2+ measurements are less accurate than ionized measurements.

Concentrations of various binding agents can fluctuate dramatically. (correct)

Ionized Ca2+ is always present in equal amounts as total Ca2+.

Which of the following statements about Ca2+ distribution is true?

<p>The majority of circulating Ca2+ is bound to albumin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concentration of ionized Ca2+ in blood compare to that in the cytosol of cardiac or smooth muscle cells?

<p>It is 5,000 to 10,000 times higher in blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Calcium Distribution in the Body

Approximately 99% of body calcium is in bone.
The remaining 1% is primarily in blood and extracellular fluid (ECF).
Cytosolic calcium is very low in most cells.
Blood ionized calcium is significantly higher than intracellular calcium, specifically in cardiac and smooth muscle cells (by 5,000 to 10,000 times).
This gradient is essential for rapid calcium influx.

Blood Calcium Forms

45% of blood calcium exists as free, ionized calcium ions.
40% is bound to protein, primarily albumin.
15% is bound to anions (HCO3-, citrate, PO4-, and lactate).

Influence of Disease States

Calcium distribution can vary due to disease.
Concentrations of citrate, bicarbonate, lactate, phosphate and albumin fluctuate significantly during surgical or critical care procedures.
Therefore, total calcium measurements cannot reliably predict ionized calcium levels, particularly in critically ill patients.

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Description

Test your knowledge on calcium distribution in the body, including its primary locations and forms in the blood. This quiz will also delve into how disease states can affect calcium levels and measurements, particularly in critical care situations. Explore the essential roles of calcium in physiological processes and its significance in health and illness.