Questions and Answers
In addition to angina, for what conditions are calcium channel blocker medications indicated? (Select all that apply)
Extracellular calcium is required for the 1._____________ of cardiac and 2._____________ muscle cells.
- Contraction, 2. Smooth
Select the chemical classifications of calcium channel blockers by clicking on the correct answers.
By 1._____________ the systemic vascular resistance, calcium channel blockers decrease the 2.____________________ and myocardial demand for 3._________________.
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An individual taking nifedipine for blood pressure regulation has a new prescription for digoxin. The health care provider anticipates that this combination of medications may have which effects? (Select all that apply)
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By what routes can diltiazem be administered? (Select all that apply)
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What is the onset and peak duration for PO diltiazem?
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Which individuals may require a lower dose of amlodipine? (Select all that apply)
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Which calcium channel blockers below are known as the dihydropyridines and are known to be more vascular selective? (Select all that apply)
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How does diltiazem work to help treat angina?
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Which type of angina is treated with calcium channel blockers?
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Which statement by the client indicates that further teaching is needed when starting amlodipine for hypertension?
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Drag the medications to the classification in which each belongs:
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A patient taking diltiazem to treat an irregular heart rhythm should not take their medication and notify the prescribing health care provider if which conditions are present when checking their pulse and blood pressure? (Select all that apply)
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Which calcium channel blockers are indicated for cardiac dysrhythmias?
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What is the adverse effect associated with calcium channel blocker therapy that routine oral hygiene can help prevent?
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Study Notes
Indications for Calcium Channel Blockers
- Calcium channel blockers are indicated for hypertension and arrhythmia in addition to angina.
Role of Calcium in Muscle Contraction
- Extracellular calcium is essential for the contraction of cardiac and smooth muscle cells.
Chemical Classifications of Calcium Channel Blockers
- Three main chemical classifications exist:
- Benzothiazepines
- Dihydropyridines
- Phenylalkylamines
Mechanism of Action
- Calcium channel blockers reduce systemic vascular resistance, consequently decreasing the heart's workload and myocardial oxygen demand.
Interaction with Digoxin
- Co-administration of nifedipine and digoxin may lead to increased digoxin levels, heart failure, and low heart rate.
Administration Routes for Diltiazem
- Diltiazem can be administered via oral or intravenous routes.
Pharmacokinetics of Verapamil
- Oral (PO):
- Onset: 1-2 hours
- Peak: 30-90 minutes
- Duration: 3-7 hours
- Oral Extended Release (PO-ER):
- Peak: 5-7 hours
- Duration: 24 hours
- Intravenous (IV):
- Onset: 1-5 minutes
- Peak: 3-5 minutes
- Duration: 2 hours
Amlodipine Dosage Considerations
- Lower doses of amlodipine may be required for individuals such as the elderly, those with chronic cirrhosis, or emaciated adults.
Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
- Notable dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers that are more vascular-selective include amlodipine, felodipine, and nifedipine.
Mechanism for Diltiazem in Angina
- Diltiazem alleviates angina by blocking calcium channels, which facilitates arterial dilation.
Angina Treatment Specificity
- Calcium channel blockers are specifically indicated for the treatment of vasospastic angina.
Patient Education on Amlodipine
- Patients should be informed that amlodipine does not need to be taken on an empty stomach, as indicating otherwise shows a need for further education.
Classification of Calcium Channel Blockers
-
- Benzothiazepines: diltiazem
- Dihydropyridines: amlodipine, nifedipine
- Phenylalkylamines: verapamil
Monitoring Conditions for Diltiazem
- Patients taking diltiazem for heart rhythm irregularities should report any new rash when checking pulse and blood pressure.
Calcium Channel Blockers for Cardiac Dysrhythmias
- Diltiazem and verapamil are indicated for treating cardiac dysrhythmias.
Adverse Effects and Oral Hygiene
- Routine oral hygiene is critical to prevent gingival hyperplasia, a common side effect associated with calcium channel blocker therapy.
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Description
Explore essential knowledge about calcium channel blockers like diltiazem, amlodipine, and verapamil with these flashcards. Test your understanding of their indications, mechanisms, and classifications in cardiovascular pharmacology.
