Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst Quiz

Cysts of the Jaws and Oral Cavity

• A cyst is a pathological cavity filled with fluid or semi-fluid, not pus. Most are lined wholly or partially by epithelium.
• Key features of jaw cysts are sharply defined radiolucencies with smooth borders that may be transilluminated. They grow slowly, displacing teeth, and are often asymptomatic unless infected, rarely causing pathological fractures, and are compressible or fluctuant if they extend into soft tissue. They appear bluish when close to the mucosal surface.
• Cysts are grouped by the suspected origin of their lining epithelium: odontogenic or non-odontogenic.

Odontogenic Cysts

• Odontogenic cysts originate from epithelial residues of the tooth-forming organ.
• They are subdivided into inflammatory and developmental types, depending on their etiology.

Non-Odontogenic Cysts

• These cysts originate from sources other than the tooth-forming organ.

Epithelial Cysts

• Odontogenic Cysts (A):

  • Inflammatory cysts (1) Radicular (apical) cyst, (2) lateral radicular cyst, (3) residual cyst (4) paradental cyst
  • Developmental cysts (1) dentigerous(follicular) cyst, (2) eruption cyst, (3) odontogenic keratocyst, (4) gingival cyst (5) lateral periodontal cyst, (6) glandular odontogenic cyst, (7) calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin).

• Non-Odontogenic Cysts (II):

  • Naso-palatine duct(incisive canal) cyst (1), (2) Nasolabial cyst (Nasoalveolar cyst), (3) Globulomaxillary cyst,(4) median cyst

• Non-Epithelialized Primary Bone Cysts (III)

  • Solitary bone cyst (Simple, traumatic, haemorrhagic bone cyst).
  • Aneurysmal bone cyst.
  • Stafne's idiopathic bone cavity.

• Soft Tissue Cysts (IV)

  • Branchial cyst. (Lymphoepithelial)
  • Dermoid cyst.
  • Thyroglossal duct cyst.
  • Salivary gland cysts

Relative Frequency of Jaw Cysts

• Data in table 7.3 indicates the relative frequency of different types of jaw cysts, with figures such as 65-70% for radicular cysts, 15-18% for dentigerous, 3-5% for odontogenic keratocysts, and so on.

Radicular Apical Cysts (Page 4)

• Commonly found at the apex of non-vital teeth. Clinically and radiographically typically small and asymptomatic, though may cause expansion of bone, especially related to maxillary anterior teeth, and often posteriorly in the mandible. Radiographically, round or ovoid in form and well-circumscribed, often surrounded by a continuous lamina dura of the affected tooth.

2-Residual Radicular cyst (Page 7)

• Persists after extraction of the causative tooth, presenting as a common cause of swelling in older patients. The lining is thinner and exhibits mild inflammation.

3-Lateral Inflammatory Periodontal cyst (Page 7)

• Develops on the side of a non-vital tooth, often near the lateral branch of the root canal. Differentiate from a lateral developmental periodontal cyst.

4-Paradental Cyst (Page 8)

• Related to inflammation around partially erupted teeth, often third molars in the young adult years, with affected teeth most commonly associated with pericoronitis. Treatment usually involves enucleation.

Dentigerous Cyst (Page 8)

• A cyst arising from the follicle surrounding a crown of an unerupted tooth. This cyst often prevents tooth eruption, frequently displacing teeth.

Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (Page 16)

• An inherited autosomal dominant trait often associated with multiple odontogenic keratocysts and skin abnormalities.

2-Eruption Cyst (Page 10)

• Develops in relation to a tooth erupting or through trauma to the enamel. The appearance on x-ray is superficially like other odontogenic cysts, but histologically it can show characteristics distinctive from the dentigerous cyst.

5-Palatal Cysts of New Born (Page 17)

• Arise from the dental lamina epithelium during development. They often resolve spontaneously.

6-Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (Gorlin Cyst) (Page 18)

• Uncommon, possibly a neoplasm or, more accurately, a tumor rather than a simple cyst in the WHO classification. Characteristically shows solid lesions that are aggressive but often responds favorably to enucleation.

1-Nasopalatine Canal Cyst (page 20)

• Commonest non-odontogenic cyst, thought to arise from embryonic remnants of nasopalatine duct, commonly seen in the palate.

2-Nasolabial Cyst (Page 21)

• A rare cyst thought to arise from embryonic nasal or maxillary processes, usually found below the ala of the nose.

1-Solitary Bone Cyst (Page 23)

• A benign, asymptomatic cyst that most commonly seen in young adults, specifically in the premolar/molar area of the mandible. It is radiolucent, with clear borders that appear scalloped at the margins of the tooth roots.

2-Aneurysmal Bone Cysts (Page 24)

• Usually discovered due to expansion. They are a complex lesion, usually located in the lower mandible posteriorly, characterized by blood-filled spaces with cellular fibrous tissue and bone, with no epithelial lining.

3-Stafne's Idiopathic Bone Cavity (Page 25)

• A radiolucent defect, commonly located in the inferior dental canal, often bilaterally, characterized by benign cystic presentation and well-defined borders.
• Important, sometimes overlooked features such as a prominent location related to the mandibular inferior dental canal and a tendency towards a saucer shape must be emphasized.

4- Branchial Cyst (Lymphoepithelial Cyst, Page 26)

• A very rare type of soft tissue cyst in the head and neck region, located deep to or along the anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle near the angle of the mandible. Pathogenesis relates to entrapped epithelium during embryologic development.

2- Dermoid Cyst (Page 26)

• Located between the hyoid bone and mandible, in the midline of the floor of the mouth (intra- or sub-mentally).

3-Thyroglossal Tract Cyst (Page 27)

• A common developmental cyst, typically found in the midline of the neck, arising from thyroglossal duct remnants, and potentially containing thyroid tissue.

Mucous Extravasation Cyst (Page 28)

• A common cyst of minor salivary glands, typically located in oral mucosa, usually relating to trauma and inflammation of the excretory duct. Histology features the presence of macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. Differential diagnoses should exclude salivary gland tumors and mucoceles.

Mucous Retention Cyst (Page 29)

• Due to obstruction or dilatation of a salivary gland duct. The clinical appearance usually demonstrates soft tissue swelling with a smooth, non-tender surface, and a pale appearance (as mucin).

Ranula (Page 30)

• Typically arises in the floor of the mouth(involving a soft tissue cyst) from the sublingual or submandibular gland, and appears as a bluish/pale, painless, fluctuant swelling.

Test your knowledge on the characteristics, age distribution, and clinical features of calcifying odontogenic cysts. This quiz covers essential aspects such as radiographic appearance and associated neoplasms. Perfect for dental students and professionals interested in oral pathology.