Calcaneal Fractures Quiz

Which of the following is NOT a consistent feature directly associated with intra-articular calcaneal fractures as described?

According to the provided information on non-operative treatment outcomes, what percentage of patients demonstrated good or excellent results at the 20 year follow up using the Iowa Calcaneal Scale?

In the initial management of non-operative treatment for calcaneal fractures, what is typically used as a compressive dressing under a posterior splint?

Which of the following is NOT typically an indication for operative treatment of calcaneal fractures?

What is the recommended time frame to delay surgery post calcaneal fracture injury to allow for reduction of swelling and rest of soft tissues?

What percentage of all fractures do calcaneal fractures represent?

Which of the following best describes the typical patient demographic for calcaneal fractures?

Besides the subtalar joint, How many articulations does the calcaneus have with adjacent tarsal bones?

Which structure serves as the site of insertion for the tibiocalcaneal component of the deltoid ligament?

Which of the following best describes the orientation of the posterior facet of the calcaneus?

What is the primary functional role of the calcaneus in relation to the plantar fascia, tendons, and ligaments?

Besides the subtalar joint, which facets of the calcaneus articulate with the talus?

Which of the following best represents the proportion of tarsal fractures that are calcaneal fractures?

Which of the following is NOT a primary morphological concern when addressing calcaneal fractures?

Articular incongruity following a calcaneal fracture primarily involves which joints?

What is the typical initial post-operative protocol regarding weight bearing after calcaneal fracture surgery?

What is considered the number one predictor of poor outcome from calcaneus fracture?

Which of the following is stated as a benefit of minimally invasive approaches to calcaneal fracture fixation, when compared to traditional extensile approaches?

During a traditional lateral extensile approach for a calcaneal fracture, which structure is NOT typically included within the skin flap?

What is the primary goal when addressing the 'shortening' deformity of a calcaneal fracture?

Which of the following is an indication for using the sinus tarsi approach for calcaneal fracture fixation?

Besides the calcaneocuboid joint, which other articulation is a primary concern for articular incongruity in calcaneal fractures?

What key feature is intended to be corrected by addressing the 'shortening' component of a calcaneal fracture?

During reduction of a calcaneal fracture, moving the tuberosity fragment medially will correct which deformity?

What is the primary soft tissue complication specifically mentioned as significant in calcaneal fractures?

What is the primary approach to indirectly reduce the sustentaculum tali during calcaneal fracture fixation?

Which of the following is NOT used for K-wire retraction during the traditional lateral extensile approach?

In the context of calcaneal fracture reduction, what does addressing 'varus' primarily involve?

A surgeon is correcting the morphology of a calcaneal fracture. What are the main aspects of morphology they need to consider?

Which of the following best describes the 'double density' sign seen in calcaneal fractures?

A decrease in Böhler's angle on a lateral radiograph of the calcaneus suggests:

Which anatomical issue is addressed by the 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach'?

What is the typical range for the critical angle of Gissane?

In the Essex-Lopresti classification, what main anatomical feature are we primarily assessing?

When considering 'morphology' during a 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach', which specific aspects are targeted for correction?

The Harris Beath axial view of the calcaneus is best for assessing which of the following?

In the context of the 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach', what does 'articular incongruity' refer to?

In Broden's views, what degree of internal rotation of the leg is required when taking x-rays?

What is the immediate post-operative weight-bearing protocol following the 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach'?

After the initial non-weight bearing period with a splint, what is the following phase of rehabilitation?

According to the Sanders classification, a Type 3AC fracture indicates:

Which type of fixation is explicitly mentioned as being used in conjunction with the corrections?

What does the Sanders classification utilize to categorize calcaneal joint depression fractures?

What specific Sanders classification is referenced when using 'Percutaneous Fixation'?

Besides correcting deformities in morphology and shortening, which other primary aspect is addressed?

According to the Rowe classification, a fracture of the sustentaculum tali is classified as which type?

In the management of calcaneal fractures using percutaneous reduction with ring fixation, which of the following is explicitly stated as being not a primary concern?

Which of the following Rowe classifications describes a fracture that spares the Achilles tendon insertion?

A patient has a calcaneal fracture resulting from a twisting fall on a supinated foot. Based on the Rowe classification, which specific injury is MOST likely suspected?

According to the goals for calcaneal fracture surgery as stated in the provided text, which of the following is a primary objective?

During a traditional lateral extensile approach, which anatomical structure is NOT directly retracted using K-wires?

Which of the following Rowe classifications is most commonly associated with a fall from height with the heel in a varus or valgus position, NOT involving the subtalar joint?

When correcting for 'shortening' in a calcaneal fracture, which specific dimensional aspects are addressed?

According to the provided surgical technique using ring fixation, what is the primary goal of distracting the joints?

A fracture involving the Achilles tendon insertion is MOST likely classified as which of the following according to the Rowe classification?

In addressing the tuberosity fragment of a calcaneal fracture. Which of the following is specifically corrected by moving the fragment medially?

What is the primary objective of correcting the 'varus' deformity in calcaneal fracture reduction?

Which anatomical structure is indirectly reduced during calcaneal fracture management, according to the provided text?

During the lateral extensile approach, the skin flap contains specific anatomical structures. Which of the following is NOT typically included in this flap?

What is the primary concern associated with 'articular incongruity' following a calcaneal fracture, as outlined in the provided text?

Besides 'shortening' and 'morphology', what other primary aspect is necessary to correct when addressing a calcaneal fracture.

Which of the following best describes the calcaneus's role in weight-bearing mechanics?

Which statement accurately represents the structural relationship between the sustentaculum tali and its function?

What is the primary implication of the posterior facet's downward slope from lateral to medial?

Which of the following best captures the stated view on long-term outcomes of calcaneal fractures?

What is suggested in the information provided about the challenges associated with treating calcaneal fractures ?

Based on the information, what patient demographic is most likely to experience calcaneal fractures?

Which characteristic of the calcaneus is described as counteracting compressive forces during weightbearing?

The middle and anterior facets of the calcaneus are described as:

Which of the following is a characteristic of the calcaneal tuberosity's displacement in an intra-articular fracture?

According to the provided data, what is the approximate difference in the percentage of patients with good or excellent long-term outcomes using the Iowa Calcaneal Scale (ICS), when comparing 10-year and 20-year follow-up results of non-operatively treated calcaneal fractures?

In non-operative treatment, following initial splinting, when is it typically recommended to transition to a cast or fracture boot, and begin gentle range of motion exercises?

Which of the following is NOT a generally accepted indication for operative treatment of calcaneal fractures, based on the presented information?

According to the information provided, what is the primary rationale for delaying calcaneal fracture surgery by 2 to 3 weeks post-injury?

When correcting calcaneal morphology using the sinus tarsi approach, what does addressing 'width' specifically aim to achieve?

In the context of calcaneal fracture reduction utilizing the sinus tarsi approach, which of the following best describes the treatment focus when addressing 'shortening'?

Besides the subtalar joint, what other joint is specifically targeted when addressing 'articular incongruity'?

During a 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach', how long is the typical duration spent in a non-weight bearing splint?

Following the initial non-weight bearing splint phase of rehabilitation after a 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach', what is the subsequent protocol?

What specific type of percutaneous fixation is used, as explicitly mentioned, for calcaneal fractures?

When considering which joints to address in 'articular incongruity' in calcaneal fractures, what is the correct order of priority as implied by the information?

What specific correction mentioned is related to moving a fragment medially?

A lateral radiograph of the calcaneus reveals a Böhler's angle of 15 degrees. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation?

An increase in the critical angle of Gissane seen in lateral radiographs of the calcaneus is most consistent with which condition?

Which imaging view is most beneficial for visualizing the calcaneocuboid joint and the distal location of a primary calcaneal fracture line?

Which of the following is best assessed when using the Harris Beath axial view?

During use of Broden's views for calcaneal visualization, a sequential X-ray process is typically followed by angling the X-ray tube in which sequence of degrees?

According to the Sanders classification, a fracture involving four or more fragments of calcaneal posterior facet is categorized as:

In the Sanders classification system, a Type 2B fracture is best described as:

A Sanders Type 3AC fracture would indicate:

Considering the long-term outcomes of non-operative management for calcaneal fractures, what is the approximate percentage decrease in patients achieving good or excellent results, as measured by the Iowa Calcaneal Scale (ICS), between the 10-year and 20-year follow-up periods?

In the context of operative treatment for calcaneal fractures, which of the following combinations of indications would MOST strongly suggest the need for surgical intervention over non-operative measures?

When considering the timing of surgical intervention for calcaneal fractures, the recommendation for delaying surgery by up to 2-3 weeks is primarily aimed at optimizing which of the following?

A patient presents with severe heel pain, soft tissue swelling, ecchymosis, and a distorted heel contour following a high-velocity injury. In addition to these common symptoms, which of the following is also frequently observed with this type of injury?

Following an intra-articular calcaneal fracture, which of the following best describes the common pattern of displacement of the calcaneal tuberosity?

When assessing a patient with a suspected calcaneal fracture, which of the following is essential to determine, regarding neurovascular compromise?

Following a calcaneal fracture, a patient displays a fracture pattern where the primary fracture line travels anterolaterally to posteromedially, with a lateral wall blowout. According to the provided details of the injury mechanism, what is the next most likely observation regarding secondary fracture lines?

A patient presents with a calcaneal fracture and is managed non-operatively initially. After the initial phase of splinting, what would be the next step in the immobilization process, typically occurring within 7 to 14 days?

A patient presents with a calcaneal fracture sustained from a fall from a considerable height. Besides standard AP and lateral views, which additional radiographic views would be most beneficial in fully assessing the fracture pattern?

During the assessment of a calcaneal fracture, a surgeon notes an 'Essex-Lopresti' type injury with two principal fracture lines. What is the key anatomical structure that is initially impacted by the primary fracture line in this scenario?

Which of the following best describes the role of the calcaneus in relation to the triceps surae?

Which anatomical landmark of the calcaneus serves as the key support for the talar neck?

Which statement most accurately describes the load-bearing distribution among the calcaneal-talar articulations?

Given the orientation of the posterior facet of the calcaneus, which surgical consideration is MOST critical?

Based on the provided data, which age group is most commonly affected by calcaneal fractures?

What is the MOST significant socioeconomic impact of calcaneal fractures, as mentioned in the text?

What function does the sustentaculum tali serve in relation to the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon?

What is the proportion of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures out of all calcaneal fractures?

In the context of calcaneal fracture reduction, what is the primary goal when addressing the 'varus' component of the deformity?

What is the most significant complication of calcaneal fractures that is directly related to surgical approach and postoperative management?

When addressing the 'shortening' deformity in a calcaneal fracture, what specific anatomical changes are targeted for correction?

Which of the following is NOT an intended benefit of using a minimally invasive approach, such as the sinus tarsi approach, compared to traditional extensile approaches for calcaneal fractures?

Besides the subtalar joint, which other joint's articular incongruity is specifically addressed during the reduction of calcaneal fractures?

What is the established time frame for initial non-weight bearing (NWB) in a splint post-operatively for a calcaneal fracture followed by the traditional approach?

What is the primary goal when correcting the 'morphology' of a calcaneal fracture?

According to the information provided, what is the rationale for increasing the sinus tarsi incision length compared to the initial 1cm incision?

In the context of calcaneal fracture management with ring fixation, what is the intended effect of 'Distraction of the Calcaneus, STJ and Ankle joint'?

According to the surgical goals outlined for calcaneal fracture management, which of the following is considered the most crucial for optimal patient outcomes?

During the surgical technique for calcaneal fracture reduction, what is the correct chronological order of the main steps?

From the provided advantages listed, which of the following most accurately describes the benefit of the discussed operative approach?

A patient presents with a beak fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity. Based on the Rowe classification, which category does this fracture fall into?

A patient has an avulsion fracture of the calcaneal tuberosity involving the Achilles tendon insertion. According to the Rowe classification, how should this injury be categorized?

A patient has a calcaneal body fracture that does not involve the subtalar joint as identified by Rowe's classification. Which category does this fracture fall into?

A calcaneal fracture that occurs due to a fall from a height with the foot plantarflexed would be classified by Rowe as which category?

When addressing 'shortening' in a calcaneal fracture, what specific parameters are targeted for correction?

A surgeon aims to correct articular incongruity during calcaneal fracture management. Which joint combination is most specifically mentioned as requiring attention?

In the context of the 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach' for calcaneal fracture correction, what is the initial recommended post-operative weight-bearing protocol?

After an initial non-weight bearing phase with a splint, what is the next recommended phase for post-operative calcaneal rehabilitation?

Considering all the factors to correct in calcaneal fractures, which of the following is the most comprehensive aim of surgical treatment?

If a patient requires correction of a varus deformity in the calcaneus fracture, what additional aspect of morphology should also be evaluated at the same time?

Following a calcaneal fracture treated with the described 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach', what is the last stated phase of the rehabilitation before returning to work?

What is a common symptom associated with calcaneal fractures?

Compartment syndrome is rarely associated with calcaneal fractures.

What mechanism of injury commonly leads to calcaneal fractures?

Plantar __________ is commonly observed with calcaneal injuries.

Match the types of fractures to their corresponding characteristics:

What is one of the primary goals of surgery for calcaneal fractures?

Calcaneal fractures are always intra-articular injuries.

What is the Rowe classification type for a fracture of the calcaneal tubercle?

The calcaneal fracture classification that involves the body without subtalar joint involvement is Rowe type ___ .

Match the Rowe classification to their descriptions:

Which of the following advantages is associated with the surgical technique mentioned for calcaneal fractures?

Distraction of the subtalar joint is aimed at protecting articular surfaces during calcaneal fracture surgery.

What type of fracture results from a strong pull of the Achilles tendon according to Rowe classification?

What percentage of tarsal fractures does calcaneal fractures represent?

Calcaneal fractures are more common in females than in males.

What is the primary load-bearing articulation of the calcaneus?

Calcaneal fractures have a high risk for __________ changes and chronic pain.

Match the following calcaneal fracture features with their descriptions:

Which statement best describes the consequence of calcaneal fractures?

The sustentaculum tali provides support to the talar neck.

Identify one significant implication of calcaneal fractures on the workforce.

Which of the following aspects of morphology needs to be corrected during the Joint Depression-Sinus Tarsi Approach?

Articular incongruity primarily involves the subtalar joint and the calcaneocuboid joint.

What is the recommended non-weight bearing (NWB) duration in a splint following the Joint Depression-Sinus Tarsi Approach?

During the rehabilitation phase for calcaneal fractures, the use of ___________ socks may be recommended.

Match the following deformities to their corresponding descriptions:

Which approach is indicated for addressing deformities due to calcaneal fractures?

Percutaneous fixation is used exclusively for joint reconstruction and not for fracture stabilization.

What is the main goal of addressing the shortening deformity in calcaneal fractures?

What mechanism is primarily responsible for isolated sustentaculum fractures?

Calcaneal body fractures are classified as true intra-articular fractures.

What type of treatment is recommended for minimally displaced anterior process fractures?

A tuberosity avulsion fracture occurs due to a violent pull of the ________ complex.

Match the types of anterior process fractures with their descriptions:

What condition may result from subtalar arthrosis after a calcaneal fracture?

Operative treatment is indicated for sustentaculum fractures with less than 2 mm of displacement.

What surgical procedure might be performed for a painful nonunion of an anterior process fracture?

Calcaneal fractures may lead to complications such as ________ and loss of fixation.

What is a classic characteristic of tuberosity avulsion fractures?

What is the typical range for Böhler’s angle in degrees?

The critical angle of Gissane is formed by two weak cortical columns.

What classification system is used to describe joint depression fractures in the calcaneus?

Essex-Lopresti classification primarily assesses the __________ feature.

Match the following angles or classifications to their descriptions:

What does an increase in the critical angle of Gissane indicate?

Broden's views are still the preferred method for pre-operative assessment of the posterior facet.

What is the purpose of the Harris Beath axial view in assessing calcaneal fractures?

What is the primary goal when addressing the 'varus' deformity of a calcaneal fracture?

The lateral wall blowout is a common feature noted in morphology during calcaneal fractures.

What is typically included in the skin flap during a traditional lateral extensile approach for calcaneal fractures?

When correcting morphology in calcaneal fractures, it is important to address shortening, height, and ________.

Match the following components to their corresponding deformity corrections in calcaneal fractures:

Which of these deformities is primarily focused on restoring articular congruity during calcaneal fracture correction?

Minimal skin retraction is a characteristic feature of the traditional lateral extensile approach.

What joint stabilization is primarily focused on in the indirect reduction of the sustentaculum tali during calcaneal fracture fixation?

The ______ angle is measured by a line connecting the highest point of the anterior process to the highest point of the posterior facet and a line drawn tangential to the superior edge of the tuberosity.

Which of the following is a primary aspect of morphology to be corrected in calcaneal fractures?

A decrease in Böhler's angle indicates a possible displacement of the weight-bearing posterior facet.

Which of the following is NOT a special imaging view used for assessing calcaneal fractures?

Match the following imaging views to their primary purpose in assessing calcaneal fractures.

The sinus tarsi approach is indicated for Sanders type ___ fractures.

Match the terms related to calcaneal fractures with their correct definitions:

What should be achieved by correcting the 'shortening' deformity in a calcaneal fracture?

Post-operative therapy for calcaneal fractures is generally discouraged.

Which complication is most significant for calcaneal fractures?

What is the primary goal of calcaneal fracture surgery?

Distraction of the joints protects the subtalar joint from weight-bearing stresses.

What condition is associated with a fracture of the sustentaculum tali?

The Rowe classification type that includes oblique body fractures not involving the subtalar joint is classified as __________.

Match the Rowe classification with its description:

Which of the following is NOT a consideration during percutaneous reduction with ring fixation?

Most common extra-articular fracture type according to Rowe classification is type III.

In the Rowe classification, a fracture involving the anterior process is categorized as type __________.

Which of the following statements about calcaneal fractures is true?

Calcaneal fractures primarily affect the older population.

The calcaneus serves as a lever arm for the __________.

Match the following calcaneal fracture descriptions with their characteristics:

What high risk is associated with calcaneal fractures?

The sustentaculum tali serves as a site for ligament insertion.

What percentage of tarsal fractures does the calcaneus account for?

What should be corrected when addressing 'shortening' in a calcaneal fracture?

The Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi approach addresses only the taller structure of the calcaneus.

Name the two joints involved in articular incongruity related to calcaneal fractures.

After surgery using the Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi approach, patients typically undergo a non-weight bearing (NWB) period of _____ weeks.

Match the following deformities with the aspects they correct in calcaneal fractures:

What is one of the typical post-operative protocols mentioned for calcaneal fracture management?

Percutaneous fixation primarily addresses morphological deformities in calcaneal fractures.

What type of fixation is described as the 'Tongue Type' in relation to calcaneal fractures?

What distinguishes open fractures from blasting injuries compared to those in civil life?

In the context of open fracture management, what is considered a mandatory step, particularly differentiating it from military-related injuries?

What is a typical method of reduction for an extra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fracture?

What is the primary benefit of using washers in the fixation of an extra-articular tongue-type fracture?

In the treatment of calcaneal fractures, what is the main concern that LISs (Less Invasive Surgeries) try to avoid?

What is a key disadvantage of LIS when compared to ORIF in managing calcaneal fractures?

When treating a tongue-type fracture with percutaneous screws, what anatomical position is stated as safe, with excellent visualization?

What is a typical fracture configuration of the calcaneal tuberosity in an extra-articular tongue-type fracture?

In a calcaneal fracture where the sustentaculum tali is separated, to which bone does the sustentaculum tali remain attached?

Which structure is most likely to be directly compressed or incarcerated within a calcaneal fracture located immediately below the sustentaculum tali?

Damage to which neurovascular bundle is most closely associated with a fracture of the sustentaculum tali?

What is a specific risk concerning the flexor hallucis longus tendon in cases of a calcaneal fracture directly beneath the sustentaculum tali?

Which specific radiological projection is primarily used to assess the calcaneal tuberosity, anterior process, and medial and lateral cortex?

Which specific radiological view is typically optimal for visualizing the sustentaculum tali and the impact of its relation to a calcaneus fracture?

If damage occurs to the tibialis posterior neurovascular bundle due to a sustentaculum tali fracture, what primary clinical sign would be most directly expected?

Which of the following best describes the relevance of the deltoid ligament when it comes to sustentaculum tali fractures?

What is a potential long-term complication associated with subtalar arthrodesis, despite its efficacy in pain management?

In which scenario is primary subtalar arthrodesis MOST likely considered as a leading treatment option?

What is the key benefit attributed to initial open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) before subtalar fusion, according to some authors?

Which of the following is the most significant obstacle in conducting stratified analysis of calcaneal fracture treatment outcomes, due to the lack of sufficient published cases?

What is a notable advantage of an arthroscopic approach to subtalar arthrodesis, particularly in managing soft-tissue concerns?

Despite the inability to perform detailed stratified analysis, what crucial area of understanding has been significantly improved through the study of calcaneal fractures?

What limitation is identified when analyzing and comparing non-operative (NO) and operative treatment (OT) of calcaneal fractures?

What limitation is primarily responsible for preventing more robust statistical analysis in the context of calcaneal fracture management?

What is a specific methodological challenge encountered when drawing definitive conclusions from studies related to surgical approaches for calcaneal fractures?

When does the text suggest that the addition of a subtalar release or fusion could be considered?

Which aspect of calcaneal fracture research is specifically noted to be limited due to the scarcity of robust data?

What is the key focus of the database search performed by the authors for the creation of a systematic review on calcaneal fractures?

While numerous patient variables are acknowledged to potentially impact outcomes of calcaneal fracture treatment, why is it difficult to demonstrate their direct effects?

In the context of calcaneal fracture research, what effect does the absence of large data sets have on the analysis of patient-specific factors?

The text implies that due to limitations of available data, what aspect of calcaneal fractures remains particularly challenging to investigate?

Which of the following BEST captures the data analysis challenge highlighted in the text regarding calcaneal fracture research?

Which of the following treatment methods for calcaneal fractures primarily utilizes the injection of bone cement to aid in reduction?

Which of the following studies specifically addressed the impact of soft tissue injuries on the outcome of open calcaneal fractures?

Which study specifically detailed a staged treatment plan for Type II and Type IIIA open calcaneus fractures?

In which publication does research on the long-term outcomes of conservative treatment for Sanders type 4 calcaneal fractures appear?

Which study focused on percutaneous reduction and fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures?

What publication presents a study evaluating the significance of the medial fracture line in calcaneus fractures?

Which of the following techniques is associated with the use of K-wires for stabilization in the context of calcaneal fractures, specifically following treatment?

Which study explored calcaneal blast fractures resulting from vehicle explosions, specifically using the term 'deck-slap' injury?

What is the primary focus of arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis, as mentioned in the provided references?

According to the provided studies, which surgical approach is MOST commonly associated with the arthroscopic treatment of subtalar issues following calcaneal fractures?

What is one specific outcome from calcaneal fractures that may lead to a need for subtalar arthroscopy, according to the document?

What aspect of post-calcaneal fracture management is addressed by arthroscopic release?

According to the provided studies, which of the following is the MOST significant outcome difference between operative and non-operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures?

What specific methodology was primarily used in the studies that compared outcomes of operative versus nonoperative management of calcaneal fractures?

What is a primary reason for performing a surgical intervention in calcaneal fractures, as inferred by the provided documents?

What was the primary objective of the study mentioned in the provided text, regarding calcaneal fractures, described as a "nationwide survey"?

Based on the provided information, which of the following is a primary reason for considering a medial approach to calcaneal fracture fixation?

How does varus deformity contribute to the instability of the foot during gait, as described in the content?

Which of the following statements accurately reflects a potential drawback of extending the lateral approach for calcaneal fracture fixation?

Which of the following best describes the primary rationale for addressing the 'shortening' deformity in a calcaneal fracture?

In the context of calcaneal fracture reduction, what specific aspect is primarily addressed by moving the tuberosity fragment medially?

Which of the following anatomical structures is considered a primary target for fixation when using a medial approach for calcaneal fracture?

Why is the tibialis posterior tendon specifically noted as being affected by varus deformity after a calcaneal fracture?

Which of the following best describes why correcting the shortening deformity in a calcaneal fracture is considered a primary objective?

What is the reported incidence of infectious complications following the percutaneous distraction reduction and fixation technique?

In the context of percutaneous distraction reduction, what percentage of patients may require a secondary arthrodesis?

What is the range of loss of reduction reported in patients undergoing percutaneous distraction reduction?

What is the primary advantage of operative management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures compared to non-operative treatment?

What is considered critically important for safe fixation of screws in calcaneus fracture osteosynthesis?

What is the proposed role of bioabsorbable osteosynthesis materials in the management of fractures?

What kind of study analyzed nearly 1000 cases in relation to calcaneal fractures?

What treatment modality has been suggested to have an acceptable complication rate for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures?

In addressing calcaneus fractures, what is vital regarding soft tissue preservation?

In terms of return to work rates, what effect does operative treatment have over non-operative treatment?

What complication, although rare, can occur in cases of calcaneus fractures?

Which classification system is employed to evaluate intra-articular calcaneal fractures?

What method is part of the surgical approach to ensure adequate stability in a calcaneus fracture reconstruction?

Which fixation method is recommended for calcaneus fractures for optimal reconstruction?

What is a significant factor that affects the outcomes of calcaneus fracture surgeries?

What should be discarded during the management of calcaneus fractures to avoid complications?

What is the primary benefit of using arthroscopy in the treatment of calcaneus fractures?

What is the gold standard for reconstructing the subtalar joint in calcaneus fractures?

Which condition might justify the use of arthroscopy after sustaining a calcaneus fracture?

What is a significant drawback of harvesting autografts from the iliac crest?

What is the role of arthroscopy in achieving accurate joint restoration during calcaneus fracture treatments?

Which method is not mentioned as a type of bone substitute to fill the cavity left by lifting fragments in calcaneus fracture reconstruction?

Which classification type is most relevant when discussing arthroscopic treatment for calcaneal fractures?

What is a primary function of a tricortical bone graft in calcaneal fracture surgery?

What was a significant consequence observed following intra-articular calcaneal fracture management?

Which procedure is suggested for cases of post-traumatic subtalar arthritis?

In evaluating the economic impact of calcaneal fracture management, what approach was compared?

What factor is critical to determine the treatment approach for intra-articular calcaneal fractures?

Which specific complication is highlighted as significant in the context of calcaneal fractures?

Which imaging view is specified as essential for assessing the calcaneus?

In the context of surgical management for calcaneal fractures, what anatomical feature is often evaluated?

What critical angle measurement is most relevant during calcaneal fracture assessment?

Which of the following classification systems is specifically mentioned as having limited inter-observer reliability and reproducibility?

According to the provided information, what is the primary goal of addressing the 'shortening' deformity in a calcaneal fracture?

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the Sanders classification of calcaneal fractures?

According to the provided information, what is the primary concern regarding the use of percutaneous reduction with ring fixation for calcaneal fractures?

What is the main feature that is assessed during the 'Joint Depression-Sinus tarsi Approach' to determine the morphology of the calcaneal fracture?

Based on the information provided, what is the main advantage of using minimally invasive approaches to calcaneal fracture fixation?

Which Rowe classification, as described in the text, specifically refers to a calcaneal fracture that spares the Achilles tendon insertion?

What happens when a fracture affects the calcaneocuboid joint?

Loss of Böhler's angle can lead to a traumatic flat foot.

What is the significance of Gissane's angle in relation to calcaneal fractures?

Which of the following classifications focuses on fracture patterns but has limited inter-observer reliability?

The __________ is attached to the medial malleolus by the deltoid ligament.

Which injury type is indicated by a fracture of the sustentaculum tali?

Intra-articular calcaneal fractures are typically caused by a sudden load applied to the heel.

Match the fracture patterns with their characteristics.

What are the two major fragments identified in calcaneal fractures?

The fracture patterns in calcaneal fractures depend on the position of the foot and the __________ at the moment of the injury.

A well-preserved anterior area of the lateral cortex leads to an increased chance of impingement.

Match the fracture classifications with their main features:

What surgical information do 3-D views provide regarding calcaneal fractures?

Which type of fractures affects the anterior process of the calcaneus?

The posterior facet's comminution indicates a better prognosis according to Sanders' classification.

The __________ angle is often referenced in relation to calcaneal fractures and their prognosis.

What does the Sanders classification primarily categorize in relation to calcaneal fractures?

Operative treatment includes methods such as external fixation and arthroscopic reduction.

What is the primary goal of treatment for calcaneal fractures?

The lateral process of the talus creates a 'primary fracture line' by hammering the floor of the sinus ______.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What type of injury is described as 'calcaneal blast fractures'?

Soft tissue injury does not affect the outcome of open fractures of the calcaneus.

What is the primary purpose of a staged treatment plan in managing calcaneus fractures?

The __________ sign is significant in assessing the medial fracture line in calcaneal fractures.

Match the following treatment methods with their descriptions:

Which classification method is utilized to categorize joint depression fractures of the calcaneus?

The critical angle of Gissane is used to evaluate calcaneal fractures.

What is the focus of treatment for Sanders type 4 fractures of the calcaneum?

What approach is commonly used for arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis according to studies?

Operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus refers to treatment that does not involve surgery.

What is the main benefit of using minimally invasive approaches to calcaneal fracture fixation?

Arthroscopic release is often performed for painful subtalar stiffness after __________ of the calcaneum.

Match the following studies with their focus area:

What was the primary focus of the study by Elgafy H, Ebraheim NA?

Calcaneal fractures represent a significant percentage of all fractures that occur.

In the context of calcaneal fractures, what is the most significant predictor of poor outcome?

Which condition indicates a major soft-tissue danger?

The sinus tarsi serves as a pathway for approaching the medial and anterior facets of the calcaneus.

What anatomical feature must be partially removed to access the medial and anterior facets from a lateral approach?

The fracture that contains the anterior and medial facets is referred to as the ______ fragment.

Match the following parts of the calcaneus with their descriptions:

Which of the following describes the function of Böhler’s angle when assessing calcaneus fractures?

Clear-fluid blisters indicate that a safe skin incision cannot be made.

What is altered when the patient's calcaneus fracture is evaluated through a CT scan?