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Questions and Answers
What is a significant advantage of CAD-CAM systems compared to traditional methods in terms of fabrication time?
What is a significant advantage of CAD-CAM systems compared to traditional methods in terms of fabrication time?
What aspect of the CAD-CAM process is less dependent compared to traditional methods?
What aspect of the CAD-CAM process is less dependent compared to traditional methods?
Which phase in the CAD-CAM process involves direct scanning of teeth?
Which phase in the CAD-CAM process involves direct scanning of teeth?
How does the accuracy of CAD-CAM systems compare to traditional methods?
How does the accuracy of CAD-CAM systems compare to traditional methods?
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What is one challenge associated with the direct scanning of teeth in the CAD-CAM process?
What is one challenge associated with the direct scanning of teeth in the CAD-CAM process?
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What is an extruoral scanning primarily used for?
What is an extruoral scanning primarily used for?
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Which type of scanner uses a ruby ball for scanning?
Which type of scanner uses a ruby ball for scanning?
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What is a potential disadvantage of dry milling?
What is a potential disadvantage of dry milling?
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How many axes do 4-axis milling devices use?
How many axes do 4-axis milling devices use?
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What materials are suitable for wet milling?
What materials are suitable for wet milling?
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Which software can be used to produce an STL file?
Which software can be used to produce an STL file?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of milling mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of milling mentioned?
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What advantage do 5-axis milling devices have over 3-axis devices?
What advantage do 5-axis milling devices have over 3-axis devices?
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Study Notes
CAD-CAM Systems in Dentistry
- CAD-CAM stands for Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing, a chain process used for creating indirect dental restorations.
- Traditional methods are time-consuming, have a higher chance of errors, and are more dependent on technician skills.
- CAD-CAM systems are less time-consuming, easier to process, reduce errors, and are more accurate, but depend on software.
- The process involves a scanning phase (data acquisition), a design phase, and a milling phase.
Scanning Phase
- Data Acquisition: This phase involves obtaining a digital representation of the patient's teeth for creating a digital model.
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Types of Scanners:
- Optical scanners (laser/light scanners) use triangulation. A light source and camera produce a 3D image.
- Mechanical scanners use a touch probe to mechanically scan the model with a ruby ball. This technique is highly accurate.
- Intraoral Scanning: Direct scanning of teeth intraorally. This is technique sensitive and prone to adjacent teeth/gingiva/salivary interference which can produce registration difficulties at margins.
- Extraloral Scanning: Scanning of dental models or impressions.
- Clinic/Lab Systems: Scanning can occur in the clinic (intraoral) or the lab (model/impression scanning).
Designing Phase
- Software Usage: Specialized dental software creates a Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file, a digital model of the dental restoration.
- Software Examples: ExoCAD, Blender, MeshMixer, MeshLab.
Milling Phase
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Milling Devices:
- 3-axis milling devices, 4-axis devices, and 5-axis devices.
- Different models offer variations in axes movements which impact production quality and cost.
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Milling Types:
- Dry-milling: Suitable for soft materials not prone to chipping. Examples: Zirconia, PMMA, CoCr.
- Wet-milling: Essential to avoid overheating, ideal for materials susceptible to degrading. Often used for materials like Cobalt-chrome.
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Milling: Certain milling materials yield benefits like lower costs however may result in higher shrinkage during sintering, development of microcracks, or surface defect formations.
Materials for CAD-CAM
- Ceramics: Zirconia, Porcelain.
- Metals: Titanium, Cobalt-chrome.
- Polymers: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) , Polyether-ether ketone (PEEK).
- Materials Availability: Materials can be supplied as blanks, partially sintered blocks, or completely sintered blocks.
Uses of CAD-CAM
- Fixed Restorations: Inlays, onlays, overlays, crowns, bridges, and veneers.
- Removable Prostheses: PMMA dentures, metallic frameworks, and surgical guides.
Advantages of CAD-CAM
- Reduced chair time, and appointments.
- Enhanced accuracy and precision.
- Improved retention.
- Digital archiving.
- Reduced use of traditional impression methods.
- Improved cross-infection control.
Disadvantages of CAD-CAM
- High initial cost.
- Potential material waste.
- Wear in milling tools.
- Chairside CAD-CAM procedures might be time-consuming.
- Methods to overcome the high cost - are 3D printing and recycling of waste.
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Description
Explore the advanced technology behind CAD-CAM systems used in dentistry to create precise and efficient indirect dental restorations. This quiz covers the scanning phase, types of scanners, and the advantages of CAD-CAM over traditional methods. Test your knowledge on the essential processes involved in digital dentistry!
