Therapeutic Interventions - Check Your Knowledge Compilation

What is the primary focus of therapeutic interventions in physical therapist clinical practice?

Which type of muscle fibers contain higher concentrations of creatine phosphate?

What is the primary macronutrient that can be metabolized for energy without direct involvement of oxygen?

A PT is planning an exercise program for a client. At what percentage of maximal oxygen uptake does the lactate threshold typically begin in untrained individuals?

A client is participating in a 20k bicycle ride. What is MOST likely the primary source of energy for this activity?

A client is wanting to increase their training. Which type of exercise causes substantial depletion of muscle glycogen with relatively few sets?

What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle?

What process allows fats to be used by the oxidative energy system?

What is the function of fibroblasts during the fibroblastic repair phase?

What are the PRIMARY signs of acute inflammation in a patient presents with a significant acute wrist sprain?

Why is it important to assess biological age rather than chronological age in children?

A PT is performing passive range of motion with the hips, knees, and ankles of a patient that is medically comatose. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of this intervention?

A patient reports she has been diagnosed with the loss of muscle mass and strength with age. What is the medical term for this?

What role do psychological factors play in chronic pain?

Which of the following is a neural adaptation to training that enhances force production?

Why should the Valsalva maneuver be generally discouraged in older adults during resistance training?

What is the term for the phenomenon where strength increases in the untrained limb following unilateral resistance training?

What is a chronic physiological adaptation to aerobic exercise training?

What is the average increase in muscular strength for untrained individuals after resistance training?

A patient, without a significant medical history, reports they have had consistent ankle pain for 3 months after a minor ankle sprain. X-rays are negative. They report the pain inhibits them from walking distances longer than 100 ft without resting. What is the MOST LIKELY assessment by the physical therapist?

What is a typical cardiovascular response during weight lifting?

A client is participating in a 20k bicycle ride. What is MOST likely the primary source of energy for this activity?

Which of the following pain assessment tools is most useful for assessing both the sensory and emotional aspects of pain, and is widely used in clinical and research settings?

What is the primary function of the Krebs Cycle?

Kyra reports persistent headaches, neck pain, and fatigue for the past seven months. The pain feels dull and widespread and often occurs without a known trigger. Tests show no structural or inflammatory abnormalities. What is the MOST likely type of pain this is describing?

You determine the patient’s healing wound is in the fibroblastic repair stage. What is the function of fibroblasts during the fibroblastic repair phase?

A PT is performing passive range of motion with the hips, knees, and ankles of a patient that is medically comatose. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of this intervention?

A patient reports she has been diagnosed with the loss of muscle mass and strength with age. What is the medical term for this?

Why should the Valsalva maneuver be generally discouraged in older adults during resistance training?

A patient, without a significant medical history, reports they have had consistent ankle pain for 3 months after a minor ankle sprain. X-rays are negative. They report the pain inhibits them from walking distances longer than 100 ft without resting. What is the MOST LIKELY assessment by the physical therapist?

What is the primary macronutrient that can be metabolized for energy without direct involvement of oxygen

Jordan is a 27-year-old graduate student who exercises regularly. During a routine treadmill workout, Jordan performs 30 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, maintaining a pace of 6 mph with a 1% incline. Jordan’s breathing becomes faster and deeper, but they can still talk comfortably. Jordan cools down for 5 minutes by walking at 2.5 mph. Vitals are depicted below.

Pre-exercise HR and BP: 70 bpm, 120/80 mmHg

Exercise HR and BP: 140 bpm, 160/80 mmHg

Post-exercise/cool-down HR and BP: 85 bpm, 125/82 mmHg

What is a typical cardiovascular response during moderate-intensity aerobic exercise?

James, complains of a constant burning sensation and electric-shock-like pain in both feet. He also notes tingling and decreased sensation. James has poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. What is the MOST likely type of pain James is experiencing?

Which of the following hormones has increased sensitivity and reduced levels in response to exercise and plays a role in decreasing blood glucose levels?

Which of the following in an appropriate indication for using Passive Range of Motion (PROM)?

Which energy system results in the greatest buildup of lactate in muscles?

Which of the following is true according to the Physical Stress Theory?

During exercise, what determines the degree to which the anaerobic and oxidative systems contribute to the energy being produced?

According to the Gate Control Theory of pain, what inhibits pain signals from being transmitted to the brain?

A patient is returning to running after a period of limited activity due to a meniscus repair. The patient is training for a 5k run (which will take them about 25 minutes to complete). Which energy system are they most dependent on?

Performing plantar flexion strengthening, which scenario represents closed chain exercise?

In a lateral exercise, at which point is the external torque typically greatest?

How does the use of a resistance band differ from a cable machine in terms of external torque during a bicep curl?

A patient is performing isometric exercises for quadriceps strengthening at 30 degrees of knee flexion. At which knee angle would you expect to see the least carryover in strength gains?

An athlete recovering from a hamstring strain is in the early stages of rehabilitation. Which exercise goal would be most appropriate at this stage?

A bodybuilder aims to maximize muscle hypertrophy. What rest interval should they primarily use between sets?

A runner is rehabilitating from an ankle sprain. How might you progress their exercises to be more sport-specific for trail running?

A golfer wants to improve their swing power. Which exercise progression would be most beneficial?

A physical therapist is explaining the benefits of exercise to a patient with early-stage osteoarthritis. Which statement about cartilage is most accurate?

A patient, without a significant medical history, reports they have had consistent ankle pain for 3 months after a minor ankle sprain. X-rays and all ligamentous special tests are negative. They report the pain inhibits them from walking distances longer than 100 ft without resting. What is the MOST LIKELY assessment by the physical therapist?

A construction worker complains of difficulty hammering nails due to fatigue and pain in the posterior forearm. Which muscle group and exercise should be targeted to improve muscle endurance for this task?

A patient with difficulty lifting objects overhead due to deltoid weakness is prescribed shoulder strengthening exercises. What is the most appropriate resistance and repetition scheme to improve strength?

A patient with difficulty with fast movement speeds and fatigues easily. The therapist decides on a strength training program that specifically focuses on improving fast-twitch muscle fiber function. What is the optimal exercise to achieve this goal?

A 42-year old performs standing shoulder flexion to 90 with 3-pound weight. She has full shoulder flexion ROM. The goal is to be able to complete resistive activities overhead. Which progression would be BEST to work toward the goal?

Full ligament healing can take up to ____ year(s)

You have a 62-year old patient complete a shoulder stretch where they take the muscle to the end of its range and hold it there steady, for a period of time. What type of stretch is this and how long should the stretch be held?

Kye is a 25-year-old female who you are seeing for low back pain. You identified that she needs to perform static stretching exercises to increase the flexibility in her flexors and quads. She asks you what the minimum amount of time is that she should hold each stretch. What is your answer?

A patient with general shoulder weakness and pain is beginning a rehabilitation program. Which initial exercise and dosing is MOST appropriate to improve shoulder stability?

Why is eye protection necessary for both the patient and clinician during laser therapy?

A patient with knee osteoarthritis is undergoing cryotherapy treatment. To maximize the effectiveness of cooling while ensuring safety, what should the physical therapist consider?

A therapist applies an ice pack over the peroneal nerve at the lateral knee for 30 min. The patient later complains of numbness and weakness in foot dorsiflexion. What is the most likely cause?

Which of the following should be avoided when using hot moist packs to prevent overheating and potential burns?

A therapist is considering cold therapy for a patient with upper motor neuron spasticity. What benefit might short-term cryotherapy provide?

A therapist is educating a patient about normal sensations during cryotherapy. Which sequence of sensations should the patient expect?

A patient recently applied a liniment or heat rub to their skin. What is a potential risk of applying heat over areas where liniments or heat rubs have been recently applied?

A therapist is treating a patient with delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after intense exercise. Based on research findings, which statement is most accurate?

When applying heat to a patient with high body fat, what is a likely outcome?

When using a cold pack that can reach temperatures below 30 degrees Fahrenheit, what is recommended to prevent skin damage?

A patient reports feeling no warmth during an ultrasound treatment aimed at producing thermal effects. What should the physical therapist do to ensure the treatment is effective?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with impaired sensation in the lower leg. What is the appropriate action regarding the use of continuous ultrasound?

What is the effective radiating area (ERA) in an ultrasound device?

What is the purpose of moving the ultrasound head continuously during treatment?

During an ultrasound treatment, a physical therapist wants to maximize the extensibility of collagen fibers in a patient’s joint capsule. What temperature increase should the therapist aim for?

What happens to ultrasound waves when they encounter tissues of different densities?

When considering the use of ultrasound for treating shoulder pain, what additional therapy should be included to enhance effectiveness?

A physical therapist is treating a pregnant patient with low back pain. What is the appropriate action regarding the use of continuous ultrasound?

Which frequency is used to treat deeper structures such as muscles and fascia?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a plastic implant in the knee. What precaution should be taken regarding the use of continuous ultrasound?

A patient with uncontrolled hypertension is undergoing electrotherapy for pain relief. What precaution should the clinician take?

Which of the following body tissues primarily function as conductors in electrotherapy?

A patient presents with burns on the chest. The PT decides to apply electrotherapy before debridement to modulate pain. Which electrotherapy mode should provide the BEST pain relief?

A therapist presents with a wound on the plantar surface of the right foot. The therapist chooses to apply electrical stimulation for tissue repair. What is the BEST electrical current to administer in this case?

A patient is having difficulty standing from a seated position. The PT decides to use biofeedback beginning with simple knee extension exercises in the seated position to activate the quadriceps. The plan is to progress to sit-to-stand training. What is the best initial biofeedback protocol?

A PT decides to apply interferential current to help reduce spasm and pain in the low back muscles. What is the BEST electrode configuration in this case?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with a pressure ulcer using high-volt pulsed current (HVPC). Where should the active electrode be placed for optimal wound healing effects?

A patient undergoing electrical stimulation for pain relief using interferential current asks why this method is used instead of conventional TENS. What is the primary reason interferential current may be preferred?

A physical therapist is treating a patient with lateral epicondylitis using iontophoresis with dexamethasone. Which setup is appropriate for delivering the medication?

A 35-year-old pregnant woman is asking for electrotherapy for lower back pain. What is the most appropriate action for the clinician to take?

A PT decides to use manual therapy on a patient with knee pain. Which provider factor is most likely to enhance the effectiveness of manual therapy?

A patient with knee osteoarthritis is participating in aquatic therapy to improve mobility and decrease pain. Which property of water is MOST responsible for reducing joint compression forces during movement?

A patient who recently traveled to a high-altitude location reports symptoms of headache, nausea, and fatigue within the first 24 hours. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial intervention?

A patient has improved function after several sessions of manual therapy. Which of the following is an example of a non-specific effect of manual therapy?

During a prolonged exercise session in a hot environment, a patient experiences significant fluid loss. Which of the following is the best recommendation for fluid replacement to maintain plasma volume?

A physical therapist is designing an aquatic therapy program for a patient with chronic venous insufficiency. Which property of water provides external compression that can help reduce edema?

A patient with a history of cardiovascular disease is exercising in a cold environment. Which of the following precautions should the physical therapist take to prevent cold-related injuries?

A PT completes a mobilization on a patient's frozen shoulder. Which mechanism is most likely responsible for the hypoalgesic effect observed with manual therapy?

A physical therapist is designing an aquatic therapy program for a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). Which of the following water temperatures is MOST appropriate to minimize fatigue and optimize performance?

Which of the following physiological responses occurs IMMEDIATELY upon exposure to high altitude?

A therapist is using ultrasound to improve tissue extensibility before stretching the hamstrings of a patient with limited flexibility. Which ultrasound parameter is MOST appropriate?

A 42-year-old patient with shoulder tightness is undergoing a stretching program. Which of the following techniques is MOST effective for improving range of motion?

A PT is using NMES with a patient post knee replacement. Which of the following parameters is MOST appropriate when using Russian stimulation for quadriceps strengthening?

When performing dry needling, which of the following IS NOT a mechanism by which dry needling improves patient's symptoms?

A patient with difficulty with fast movement speeds and fatigues easily. Ther therapist decides on a strength training program that specifically focuses on improving fast-twitch muscle fiber function What is the optimal exercise to achieve this goal?

A patient with chronic upper trapezius myofascial pain undergoes dry needling. Which of the following physiological responses is MOST commonly observed after needle insertion?

A patient with post-stroke right-sided weakness is undergoing strength training. Which of the following adaptations is MOST responsible for early strength gains in the right side?

Which of the following BEST explains the diminished passive knee flexion range of motion when measured in prone?

When comparing sensory stimulation to motor stimulation in TENS, sensory stimulation requires which of the following modifications to parameters?

A physical therapist prescribes 8 reps/4 sets strengthening program at 75% 1RM for a healthy individual. Which of the following is the PRIMARY goal of this training program?