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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of an array in STL?
Vectors in STL are of fixed size.
False
What is the advantage of Deque over Vector in STL?
Deque is more efficient in case of insertion and deletion
The list in STL is a sequence container that allows insertions and deletions from ____________________.
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Match the following STL containers with their characteristics:
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What is the primary advantage of Forward List in STL?
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Forward List is a doubly linked list in STL.
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What is the syntax to declare a vector in STL?
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The elements of an array in STL are stored in ____________________ memory locations.
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How many sequence containers are supported by STL?
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Study Notes
Files and Advanced Features
- Topics to be discussed in this unit include C++ Stream classes, Formatted IO, File classes and File operations, Standard Template Library (STL), and Case Study.
Standard Template Library (STL)
- STL is a software library for the C++ language that provides a set of well-structured generic C++ components that work together seamlessly.
- It provides general-purpose classes and functions with templates that implement many popular and commonly used algorithms and data structures like vectors, lists, queues, and stacks.
- Alexander Stepanov invented STL in 1994, and it was later included in the standard library.
- STL helps in coding quickly, efficiently, and in a generic way, because most of the data structures and algorithms needed are already implemented in the STL library.
Components of STL
- There are four major components of STL in C++:
- Containers
- Iterators
- Algorithms
- Function objects or Functors
Containers
- Containers are like array data structures that store a collection of objects.
- They are implemented as class templates, providing flexibility in the types of elements they can hold.
- Containers manage the storage space for their elements and offer member functions to access them, either directly or through iterators.
- Examples of sequence containers include:
- Array
- Vector
- Deque
- List
- Forward List
Sequence Containers
- Array: sequential homogeneous containers of fixed size, with elements stored in contiguous memory locations.
- Vector: dynamic arrays, allowing the insertion and deletion of data from the end, with a size that can grow or shrink as required.
- Deque: double-ended queue that allows inserting and deleting from both ends, with a dynamic size.
- List: a sequence container that allows insertions and deletions from anywhere, with non-contiguous memory allocation for the elements.
- Forward List: a singly linked list introduced in C++ 11, using less memory than lists and allowing iteration in only a single direction.
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Description
Test your knowledge on C++ Stream classes, Formatted IO, File classes and File operations, and Standard Template Library (STL) concepts. Covers general-purpose classes and functions with templates that implement popular algorithms.
