C++ Standard Template Library and File Operations

10 Questions

What is the primary characteristic of an array in STL?

Fixed size

Vectors in STL are of fixed size.

False

What is the advantage of Deque over Vector in STL?

Deque is more efficient in case of insertion and deletion

The list in STL is a sequence container that allows insertions and deletions from ____________________.

anywhere

Match the following STL containers with their characteristics:

Array = Fixed size, contiguous memory allocation Vector = Dynamic size, insertion and deletion from the end Deque = Double-ended queue, efficient insertion and deletion List = Doubly linked list, insertion and deletion from anywhere

What is the primary advantage of Forward List in STL?

Uses less memory than lists

Forward List is a doubly linked list in STL.

False

What is the syntax to declare a vector in STL?

vector vector_name;

The elements of an array in STL are stored in ____________________ memory locations.

contiguous

How many sequence containers are supported by STL?

Study Notes

Files and Advanced Features

Topics to be discussed in this unit include C++ Stream classes, Formatted IO, File classes and File operations, Standard Template Library (STL), and Case Study.

Standard Template Library (STL)

STL is a software library for the C++ language that provides a set of well-structured generic C++ components that work together seamlessly.
It provides general-purpose classes and functions with templates that implement many popular and commonly used algorithms and data structures like vectors, lists, queues, and stacks.
Alexander Stepanov invented STL in 1994, and it was later included in the standard library.
STL helps in coding quickly, efficiently, and in a generic way, because most of the data structures and algorithms needed are already implemented in the STL library.

Components of STL

There are four major components of STL in C++:
- Containers
- Iterators
- Algorithms
- Function objects or Functors

Containers

Containers are like array data structures that store a collection of objects.
They are implemented as class templates, providing flexibility in the types of elements they can hold.
Containers manage the storage space for their elements and offer member functions to access them, either directly or through iterators.
Examples of sequence containers include:
- Array
- Vector
- Deque
- List
- Forward List

Sequence Containers

Array: sequential homogeneous containers of fixed size, with elements stored in contiguous memory locations.
Vector: dynamic arrays, allowing the insertion and deletion of data from the end, with a size that can grow or shrink as required.
Deque: double-ended queue that allows inserting and deleting from both ends, with a dynamic size.
List: a sequence container that allows insertions and deletions from anywhere, with non-contiguous memory allocation for the elements.
Forward List: a singly linked list introduced in C++ 11, using less memory than lists and allowing iteration in only a single direction.