Questions and Answers
What are custom exceptions?
Custom exceptions are user-defined exceptions that are raised when business rules of an application are violated.
What is the difference between managed and unmanaged code?
Managed code is executed by the CLR of the .NET Framework, while unmanaged code is executed by the Operating System.
What is a variable in C#?
A variable is a container for storing data values, which can be defined using different keywords.
What is an object in C#?
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What is a class in C#?
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What is a struct in C#?
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A sealed class can be inherited.
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What is a partial class?
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What is an enum in C#?
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What does the using statement do in C#?
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Which of the following are access modifiers in C#? (Select all that apply)
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What is a constructor in C#?
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What is a method in C#?
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What are delegates in C#?
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What is an event handler in C#?
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What are the types of delegates?
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What is the difference between a virtual and abstract method in C#?
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What is the static keyword in C#?
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What does LINQ stand for in C#?
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What is a record in C#?
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Study Notes
Custom Exceptions
- Custom exceptions allow raising specific errors when business rules are violated within an application.
Managed vs Unmanaged Code
- Managed code runs under the Common Language Runtime (CLR) of the .NET Framework.
- Unmanaged code operates directly through the Operating System (OS).
- CLR provides built-in security for managed code; developers must ensure the safety of unmanaged code.
Variables in C#
- Variables act as containers for storing data values, each defined by specific keywords.
- Categories of variables include:
- Static variables
- Instance variables
- Array elements
- Value parameters
- Reference parameters
- Output parameters
- Local variables
Objects in C#
- An object represents a real-world entity, such as a chair or car, encapsulating state (data) and behavior (functionality).
- Objects are created at runtime.
Class in C#
- A class serves as a blueprint for creating objects, with instances of the class being referred to as objects.
Structures in C#
- A structure is a value type used to hold related data of various types within a single variable.
- The
struct
keyword is used to define a structure, which typically represents a record.
Sealed Class
- A sealed class cannot be inherited from, providing a way to maintain encapsulation.
Partial Class
- A partial class allows the splitting of a single class's functionality across multiple files for better organization.
Enums in C#
- An enum is a special class that represents a set of constants.
- Example of an enum declaration:
enum Level { Low, Medium, High }
Using Statement in C#
- The
using
statement ensures proper handling of IDisposable objects. - Within a
using
block, the object is read-only and cannot be modified.
Access Modifiers
- Public: Full access
- Protected-internal: Accessible in the same assembly and derived classes
- Protected: Accessible only in derived classes
- Internal: Accessible in the same assembly
- Private-protected: Accessible in derived classes within the same assembly
- Private: Accessible only within the class
Constructor in C#
- A constructor is a special method called when an object is created to initialize it.
- Used to set initial values for class fields.
Methods in C#
- Methods are blocks of code within classes or structures that perform specific operations and facilitate code reusability.
Delegates
- A delegate is a type that holds references to methods with specified parameter lists and return types.
- Facilitates method invocation at runtime.
Event Handlers in C#
- An event handler is a method designed to execute in response to specific application events.
Types of Delegates
- Single delegate: Invokes a single method.
- Multicast delegate: Invokes multiple methods using + or - operators.
- Generic delegate: Does not require an instance.
- Common types include Action, Func, and Predicate.
Virtual vs Abstract Methods
- A virtual method can be overridden in derived classes using the override keyword.
- An abstract method has no implementation and must be defined within abstract classes.
Static Keyword
- A static class can only contain static members, methods, and constructors.
- Objects of a static class cannot be created; static members are shared across all instances.
- Static variables are accessed via the class name without needing an instance.
LINQ (Language-Integrated Query)
- LINQ allows for data access and manipulation from various sources like objects, data sets, SQL Server, and XML.
- Common LINQ methods include Where, Select, Any, All, GroupBy, FirstOrDefault, Last, SingleOrDefault, and OrderBy.
Records in C#
- Records are used for immutable data storage, providing special syntax and behaviors for data management.
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