C# Session 1: Intro to .NET Framework

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Questions and Answers

Which characteristic is NOT a benefit of the .NET Framework?

  • Enabling cross-platform application development. (correct)
  • Reducing software development time.
  • Minimizing versioning conflicts.
  • Facilitating software deployment.

In the context of the .NET Framework, what is the role of the Common Language Runtime (CLR)?

  • To execute and manage .NET applications, providing services like memory management and exception handling. (correct)
  • To define the syntax and semantics of the C# language.
  • To provide a set of pre-coded solutions for common programming tasks.
  • To manage the compilation of C# code into machine code.

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of XML in the context of the .NET Framework?

  • Facilitating data exchange across different platforms.
  • Defining the structure of .NET assemblies. (correct)
  • Enabling communication between applications.
  • Separating data from presentation.

What is the significance of .NET 5.0 and later versions in the evolution of the .NET platform?

<p>They represent a shift towards a unified, cross-platform .NET environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which version of .NET Framework introduced Language Integrated Query (LINQ)?

<p>.NET Framework 3.5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler play in the .NET Framework?

<p>It compiles CIL code into native machine code at runtime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Common Language Specification (CLS) in .NET?

<p>To ensure interoperability between .NET languages. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between C# and the .NET Framework?

<p>C# is a programming language designed to work with the .NET Framework. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enhancement does C# 10.0 bring to string formatting?

<p>More expressive string formatting with interpolated strings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of IntelliCode in Visual Studio 2022?

<p>It enhances code suggestions and productivity using AI. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you want to compile a C# program from the command line, which command should you use?

<p>csc (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes .NET 7.0 from previous versions concerning application operation?

<p>Reduced expenses for cloud operation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C#, which keyword is used to declare a constant?

<p>const (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of variables declared using top-level statements in C#?

<p>Accessible within the file but outside any explicit class or method. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of implicitly typed variables in C#?

<p>Variables whose data type is inferred by the compiler from the initialization expression. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of comment is used for creating XML documentation in C#?

<p>/// XML comments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of escape sequence characters in C#?

<p>To represent characters that are difficult or impossible to type directly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class in C# provides methods for standard input and output operations in a console application?

<p>System.Console (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'boilerplate' code refer to, in the context of C# top-level statements?

<p>Repetitive code that is often necessary but doesn't contribute directly to the core logic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C#, how do you format a number as currency using numeric format specifiers?

<p>{0:C} (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following operators is used for string concatenation in C#?

<ul> <li>(D)</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ternary operator(?:) in C#?

<p>To provide a shorthand for an if-else statement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an arithmetic overflow occurs in a checked block in C#?

<p>An OverflowException is thrown. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type category does string belong to in c#?

<p>Reference Type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate base class for all types, both pre-defined and user-defined, in .NET?

<p>System.Object (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ref keyword when passing a parameter to a method in C#?

<p>To pass a variable by reference, allowing modifications within the method to affect the original variable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the switch statement's 'no-fall-through' rule in c#?

<p>C# requires each case block to end with a <code>break</code>, <code>goto</code>, or <code>return</code> statement to prevent fall-through, unlike C++. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which operator has the highest precedence in C#?

<p>Parentheses () (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What's the fundamental difference between while and do-while loops in C#?

<p><code>while</code> loops are pre-test loops, whereas <code>do-while</code> loops are post-test loops. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to write the bitwise AND operation between two variables x and y in C#?

<p>x &amp; y (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can declare multple varibales using for loop in c#?

<p>for (int i = 1, j = 0; i &lt; 11; i++, j++) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do declare un infinite for loop in c#?

<p>for ( ) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When used inside a switch statement in c#, is the below code correct in c#? case 5: Console.WriteLine("Thursday");

<p>false (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given int numOne = 255; byte numTwo = 1; what is the value of numOne following the operation numOne = numOne >> numTwo;?

<p>127 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given a declaration to calculate area of the cicle, const float _pi = 3.14F; in code snipper 7, is the code correct?

<p>true (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

.NET Framework

An infrastructure that enables building, deploying, and running different types of applications and services using .NET technologies.

CIL (Common Intermediate Language)

The code of a program compiled into Common Intermediate Language and stored in a file called assembly.

CLR (Common Language Runtime)

A runtime environment that manages the execution of .NET applications and provides services like memory management and error handling.

.NET Framework Class Library (FCL)

A comprehensive object-oriented collection of reusable types used to develop applications in .NET.

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C#

A Microsoft programming language designed for building a wide range of applications on the .NET Framework.

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Common Language Specification (CLS)

A set of rules that .NET languages should follow to ensure interoperability with other languages.

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Common Type System (CTS)

Describes how data types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime, facilitating type usage across languages.

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Base Framework Classes

Basic functionality classes such as input/output, string manipulation, security, and network communication.

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ASP.NET

A set of classes used to build Web applications, utilizing Web Forms for designing similar to HTML.

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ADO.NET

Classes that provide interaction with databases.

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WPF

A User Interface framework that is based on XML and vector graphics.

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WCF

Allows service endpoints and programs to send and receive data asynchronously.

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LINQ

Provides data querying capabilities to a .NET application.

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Entity Framework

Enables the creation of data-centric applications in an object-oriented manner.

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C#

A programming language designed to create applications running on the .NET Framework.

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Enhanced pattern matching

Improve pattern matching, making conditional statements more expressive and concise.

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Async Programming

Streamlines async programming, making managing asynchronous code easier for better performance.

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Simplified Property Patterns

Help enhance readability, simplifying object details and properties extraction.

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Visual Studio

A dynamic development ecosystem with integrated tools for coding, debugging, and collaboration.

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Code Editor

The heart of the IDE, offering syntax highlighting, code completion, and Intelligent suggestions to streamline coding.

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Solution explorer

Provides a hierarchical view of projects, files, and folders within a solution for easy navigation and management.

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Csc Command

A console window command to compile C# programs.

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Variable

A program to store data and is declared with a data type.

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Byte

Integer type that is an 8-bit variable

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sbyte

Data type is a value from negative -128 to positive 127

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short

A short-hand integer data type

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ushort

Describes a variable as only being a number that isn't signed

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Pre-defined data types

Describe data types in C# and what they represent

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Object

Is a built in reference data type for base classes of others.

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String

A built in reference type to signify Unicode character string values. The string itself cannot be modified.

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Class

A user-defined structure that contains variables and methods.

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Comments

Help to read code in programs and to understand the functionality of them.

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XML Documentation

Used when more than one programmer want to the view info of program

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Constants and Literals

A const has a fixed value that remains unchanged. A literal expresses specific values static values.

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Keywords

Are reserved words that have a pre-defined meaning in the language.

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Escape sequences

Represent the non-printing characters in C#.

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Console operations

Are tasks performed on the command line interface using executable commands.

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Format specifiers

Enables you to display customized output in a console window program

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Statements

Are similar to those in C and C++. They help build logical flow in a program.

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Operators

They include the arithmetic, relational, logical, conditional, or assignment operators.

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Top Level Statements

Support statements without the need to declare a main method.

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Format specifiers

Enables you to display customized output in the console window.

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Study Notes

  • The text is the first session of a book called developing Applications with C#
  • The material is copyrighted Aptech Limited in 2023
  • Book covers basic C# concepts like the .NET framework, C# syntax, data types, loops, operators

Session 1: Getting Started with C#

  • Session provides insight into the .NET Framework, architecture, and versions
  • An overview of .NET 7.0 is given
  • Explains creating and executing applications with Visual Studio 2022/.NET 7.0
  • Session objectives include defining .NET Framework, explaining components, C# features, Visual Studio editions, differences between .NET Framework 4.8.1/7.0, and running programs on .NET 7.0

Introduction to .NET Framework

  • The .NET Framework facilitates building, deploying, and running applications/services using .NET technologies
  • It minimizes software development, deployment, and versioning conflicts
  • Emergence of the Internet and platform-independent applications enabled them to run on PCs with various hardware/software
  • Technology platform supports transformations, introduced by Microsoft as .NET Framework
  • Using the .NET Framework data is accessible to users from anywhere through any .NET compatible device
  • It's a programming platform for Windows, web-based, and mobile software development

.NET Framework and Technologies

  • The .NET Framework platform relies on two basic technologies for data communication: eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and Internet protocols
  • XML separates actual data and its presentation, unlocking information for organization, programming, and editing
  • XML allows websites to collaborate and provide web services enabling interaction between the websites
  • XML enables distributing data to a variety of devices
  • The .NET platform builds on internet protocols such as HTTP, OData, and SOAP

Compilation and the CLR

  • Traditional Windows apps compile code directly to the native code of operating system
  • NET Framework compiles code into Common Intermediate Language (CIL), stored in assembly files
  • The Common Language Runtime (CLR) compiles this assembly to native code at runtime
  • CIL used to be called Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)
  • CLR provides: memory management, code execution, error handling, code safety verification, and garbage collection
  • Applications running under the CLR are called "managed code"

Versions of the .NET Framework

  • Microsoft released varying .NET Framework versions to include new capabilities
  • .NET Framework 1.0: First Version, released with Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2002
  • Included IDE that provided tools, templates and libraries required for .NET Framework apps
  • Included CLR, class libraries of .NET Framework and ASP .NET
  • .NET Framework 1.1: Upgraded version released with Visual Studio .NET 2003
  • Integrated with Microsoft Windows Server 2003
    • Supported component creation for mobile apps
    • Supported Oracle DBs for information storage in tables
    • Supported IPv6 protocol and Code Access Security (CAS) for web apps
    • Enabled running assemblies of Windows Forms from websites
    • Introduced .NET Compact Framework to create apps for mobile phones and PDAs

.NET Framework 2.0 and Beyond

  • .NET Framework 2.0: Successor to 1.1, included with Visual Studio .NET 2005 and Microsoft SQL Server 2005
    • Supported 64-bit hardware platforms
    • Supported generic data structures and web controls to design web applications
    • Exposure to .NET Micro Framework allowed developers graphical devices in C#
  • .NET Framework 3.0: Built on 2.0 included in Visual Studio 2005 + support
    • Featured Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF), Windows Communication Foundation (WCF), Windows Workflow Foundation (WF), and Windows CardSpace
  • .NET Framework 3.5: Next Version, included with Visual Studio .NET 2008
    • Supported AJAX websites and Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
    • ADO.NET Entity Framework and ADO.NET Data Services introduced via Service Pack 1
  • .NET Framework 4.0: Included Visual Studio .NET 2010
    • Includes several features dynamic Language Runtime (DLR) being the key feature.
    • The DLR is a runtime environment that enables programmers to create applications using dynamic languages such as Python and Ruby.
    • .NET Framework 4.0 introduced support for parallel computing using multi-core CPUs, improvements in ADO.NET, WCF, and WPF & dynamic dispatch, and named parameters
  • .NET Framework 4.5: With Visual Studio .NET 2012
    • enhanced asynchronous programming through async/await commands
    • Supported Zip compression, timeout for regex, and efficient garbage collection
  • .NET Framework 4.8 and 4.8.1: Last version of.NET Framework before Microsoft rebranded
    • the revamped platform into.NET 5.0
    • Continued monthly security and reliability fixes and will remain included with Windows
    • Instead of sticking with .NET Framework it recommended to migrate
  • .NET 5.0
    • Introduced 2020/11/10 combined .NET Core with .NET Framework
    • combined environment and a unified output for all things related to .NET and .NET Core.
  • .NET 6.0
    • Was planned for release November 2021
    • Aimed to be a (LTS) release and would continue the path of cross-platform development and unifying the .NET ecosystem
  • .NET 7.0
    • Is the most recent, as of date, and fastest version
    • Has improvements for ARM64 devices.
    • Might be a game changer if one wants to spend less money on their application operating in the cloud or use less resources to run the .NET application locally

.NET Framework IDEs:

  • 2002: .NET Framework 1.0 - Visual Studio .NET (2002)
  • 2003: .NET Framework 1.1 - Visual Studio .NET 2003
  • 2005: .NET Framework 2.0 - Visual Studio 2005
  • 2006: .NET Framework 3.0 - Visual Studio 2005 with .NET Framework 3.0 support
  • 2007: .NET Framework 3.5 - Visual Studio 2008
  • 2010: .NET Framework 4 - Visual Studio 2010
  • 2012: .NET Framework 4.5 - Visual Studio 2012
  • 2015: .NET Framework 4.6 - Visual Studio 2015
  • 2017: .NET Framework 4.7 - Visual Studio 2017
  • 2019: .NET Framework 4.8 - Visual Studio 2019
  • 2022: .NET Framework 4.8.1 - Visual Studio 2022
  • 2020: .NET 5.0 - Visual Studio 2019
  • 2022: .NET 6.0 - Visual Studio 2022
  • 2022: .NET 7.0 - Visual Studio 2022

.NET Framework Fundamentals

  • The .NET Framework is an essential Windows component for building and running XML Web services and software apps
  • .NET Framework Designed to:
    • Provide object-oriented environment
    • Minimize software deployment and versioning conflicts
    • Promote safe code execution
    • Deliver consistent experience across application types
  • .NET Framework Components: The core components are the CLR, and the .NET Framework class library.
  • CLR is the backbone; functions include memory management, code execution, error handling, code safety verification, and garbage collection
  • Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler converts CIL code at run-time
  • Converts CIL code into code can be directly executed by the CPU
  • .NET Framework Class Library (FCL): library of reusable types
    • Used to develop command-line and GUI apps

Using .NET Framework

  • Programmers develop apps using .NET-supported languages, using base class libraries
  • Example: to display a text message by using command System.Console.WriteLine(".NET Architecture")
  • Framework Class Library is common for all .NET languages

Other .NET Framework Components

  • Components beyond CLR and FCL:
    • Common Language Specification (CLS): Rules for cross language operability.
    • Common Type System (CTS): Describes how data types are declared and managed
    • Base Framework Classes: input/output, string manipulation, security, networks etc.
    • ASP.NET: Classes for web apps with Web Forms similar to HTML and Web services
    • ADO.NET: Classes for database interaction.
    • WPF: User interfaces with XML and vector graphics, using 3D computer graphics hardware and Direct 3D technologies for applications with UI on Windows.
    • WCF is a service-oriented messaging framework, that create service endpoints and the ability to asynchronously send and receive data from the service endpoint
    • LINQ, capability to send data to .NET application
    • The Entity Framework is a set of technologies built upon ADO.NET
    • Parallel LINQ, is support programs that support parallel programming
    • Task Parallel Library, a library that simplifies parallel and concurrent programming

Intro to .NET 7.0

  • .NET 7.0 is a Microsoft technological advancement, amplifies developer productivity, with more augmented language features
  • It unifies app development across various platforms.
  • Improved tooling, security, and interoperability, and empowers developers to shape innovative software
  • Capabilities create new standards for efficient and versatile development
  • Has cutting edge elements in elevation: a runtime, a suite of libraries, and language features
  • With a focus on performance optimization, cross-platform versatility, and enhanced security this allows seamless development
  • Integrates ASP.NET Core and Entity Framework Core, offering developers a toolkit dedicated to create strong software solutions

Components of .NET 7.0

  • Enhanced Performance: .NET 7.0 has speeder applications
  • Cross-Platform Compatibility - can enable deployment across various platforms
  • Comprehensive Libraries - has a versitle suite for application domains
  • Integration of ASP.NET Core - facilitates web app development with an easy to scale output

C# Introduction

  • C# creates apps that run on .NET Framework
  • Created to provide interoperability, scalability, and robustness
  • Provides complete object-oriented architecture and component support
  • Allows access to C++ features
  • Provides familiarity to programmers with C or C++ experience
  • Allows the creation of applications targeting both desktop and mobile devices

C# Purpose and Evolution

  • C# is derived from C and C++ as an efficient object-oriented language that is familiar
  • It retains it's family name from it's ancestors, C/C++
  • The sharp note is known as C Sharp
  • Provides powerful features for developers and capabilities in the language
  • Helps streamline Web applications, desktop software, or cloud-native solutions
  • Helps developer toolsets

C# 10 features

  • Enhanced Pattern Matching - concise and straightforward conditional statements.
  • Async programs are streamline and easier to write
  • Simplified Property Patterns - enhance code readability by deconstruction and extraction.
  • Interpolated Strings Enhancements - format text
  • Refined Language Constructs: Streamlines overall improvements
  • Modernized Language Features: provides modern paradigms and enables contemporary design patterns
  • Versatility Across Domains, empowered in various applications from Web and mobile to cloud
  • Compatibility and Interoperability - maintains with previous program versions to ensure seamless ability
  • Forward-Looking Language Evolution - continues with development

Development Details

  • Elevated Software Quality, improving performance, readability, and maintainability
  • C# 10, is object-oriented, and can be used for Web, desktop, and game development
  • Also Mobile App Development, Cloud-Networking Solutions
  • Plus Internet of Things, Machine Learning and Al, Financial and Enterprise systems
  • Finally for Scientific and research and educational tools

Visual Studio

  • Visual Studio 2022 provides software tools that empower developers
  • Has enhancements for coding/productivity that improve responsiveness and memory usage
  • Can support the latest technologies and enable Web, mobile, cloud, and desktop applications
  • Sets stage for collaboration with a high-performance toolkit for software developers

Visual Studio Environment elements

  • Visual Sudio has a dynamic development ecosystem and intuitive interface and is powerful
  • coding, debugging and enhances the creation of modern app structures for Web, app, desktop, and cloud domains

Visual Studio Editions

  • Visual Studio Community, free for those that are students, coders, students
  • A Visual Studio Professional addition for code and advanced debugging for professional development
  • An enterprise additon for advanced code optimization, architecture, and DevOps intergration
  • Visual Studio has an testing focused mode for quality analysis.
  • Mac edition to work with apples environment
  • A lightweight visual studio build tool for for the system

Environment Parts

  • Code editor for intelligent suggestions
  • Solution explorer for easy file management
  • Visual drag and drop in a GUI - toolbox
  • Properties Window settings changes
  • Enables a creation, and organization and project solution
  • comprehensive tools such as inspecting code as well as looking at breakpoint
  • git usage
  • extensive market place plugins
  • Build time output display
  • To -do list tracker

Visual Studio Command line

  • has simple code and text output that makes the code more clear
  • The command is the csc and can be used with the C# Compiler
  • Is capable to compile the code and follow all of the correct formating: csc <file.cs
  • In program cs you can also specify the code that you need to compile 1.4.5 Creating and Executing an Application

Steps to create/execute w/Visual Studio

  1. Launch Visual Studio 2022
  2. Create a New Project
  3. File > new > Project
  4. Select Project type in Create dialog box, search Console App > Console app(.NET)
  5. Select version = .NET 7.0 6 Provide the name of program (MyConsoleApp)
  6. Click create in in code editor.
  7. Save.
  8. Click the green run on the toolbar, which allows for a quick check of your code.

.NET Framework features

  • Unification- provides emphasis, and cross platform codes that can be enabled by linx/mac and windows
  • Code language optimization makes programs more efficient
  • Containerization: enables apps that are packaged and deployed using containers
  • Has better more functional 64 bit support

General Summary

  • Software Development Kit Install.
  • Open command prompt and navigate to where to create a new project using: Dotnet new console -o MyConsoleApp
  • Navigate the code you plan to use: cd MyConsoleApp, code it then test using command 'dotnet run'
  • The .NET Framework enables building, deploying, and running .NET apps and services
  • Its core components are the CLR and the .NET Framework class library
  • The CIL code is converted to machine language code via the CLR
  • C# language provides features for automated memory with support of version Visual Studio 2022

Quick Tips and Highlights

Key information on all facets of development: frameworks, performance, compatibility, integration aspects, languages and functions

  • Top-Level, reduce memory usage, and simplify operation time.
  • Provides insights and best practices when using the C# applications, specifically when combining the usage of them with Visual Studio.
  • These aspects make C# a easy language to build apps with

End Of Session 1 Study Material

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