C Programming String Functions
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Questions and Answers

A pointer can be assigned the value 0, which is referred to as the null pointer.

True

The heap is used for allocating static memory during program execution.

False

The new operator is used to deallocate memory blocks in the heap.

False

Memory allocated from the heap remains valid even after the function that created it returns.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using the delete operator is mandatory after every new allocation to prevent memory leaks.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pointer arithmetic can be used directly with pointers to access elements in an array.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When copying strings using pointers, it is not necessary to allocate memory for the new string.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The delete operator can be used to release memory allocated for both single variables and arrays.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

A pointer must always be initialized before use to avoid pointing to unintended memory.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dynamic memory allocation can fail, resulting in a null pointer if the system runs out of memory.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

String Functions in C++

  • strlen counts characters in a string up to the null character, excluding it from the count; add 1 to allocate enough space.
  • strcpy copies strings character by character, including the null character.
  • If dynamic memory allocation fails using new, it returns 0; it's the programmer's responsibility to handle such scenarios.

Pointer Arithmetic

  • Pointer arithmetic allows adding or subtracting integers from pointers, influencing memory addressing.
  • Example: char *str = "HELLO"; and int *ptr to an integer array.
  • Incrementing str moves by one byte, while incrementing ptr moves by the size of an integer (4 bytes).
  • Elements can be accessed via *str, *(str + 1), etc., for characters, and *ptr, *(ptr + 1), etc., for integers.
  • Subtracting pointers of the same type provides the difference in their positions within the array.

String Copying Function Example

  • A simple function to copy strings might look like:
    void CopyString (char *dest, char *src)
    {
        while (*dest++ = *src++)
            ;
    }
    
  • The loop assigns characters from src to dest, incrementing both pointers until a null character is reached.

Null Pointer

  • A pointer can be assigned a value of 0, referred to as the null pointer.
  • Null pointers are useful for initializing pointers and marking the end of structures like linked lists.

Dynamic Memory Management

  • Memory can be allocated from two areas: the stack (static memory) and the heap (dynamic memory).
  • The new operator allocates memory on the heap, returning a pointer; e.g., int *ptr = new int;.
  • Heap memory does not have the same scope rules as stack memory. For example, memory allocated within a function persists even after the function exits.
  • The delete operator is essential for releasing memory allocated with new to prevent memory leaks.

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Description

This quiz covers essential string functions in C, particularly focusing on strlen and strcpy. You'll learn how to effectively use these functions for string manipulation, including character counting and copying. Test your knowledge of C's string handling capabilities!

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