Stolen Generations Experiences

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Questions and Answers

What is the predicted outcome when in-group and out-group become more similar, according to social identity theory?

Intergroup biases will increase

What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden, Minister for Immigration in 1969?

Cultural differences create the potential for hostility and homogenization is necessary for harmony.

What is the assumption of the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?

Assimilation will happen naturally through extensive intergroup contact, resulting in a homogeneous identity.

What is the primary goal of assimilation policies with regard to minority groups, such as immigrants and indigenous people?

Minority groups should assimilate to the dominant culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?

People may react negatively due to the blurring of group boundaries, leading to distinctiveness threat. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the underlying philosophy of assimilation?

Cultural differences create the potential for hostility, and homogenization is necessary for harmony. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the 'minority group assimilation' model on indigenous Australian identity?

Indigenous Australians are expected to assimilate to the dominant culture, potentially leading to cultural suppression and loss. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential outcome of forced removals and fostering of indigenous children, in the context of assimilation policies?

Cultural suppression and loss, as well as trauma for the individuals and communities affected. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate goal of the assimilation policy, according to the 1st Conference of State and Territory Aboriginal Protectors in 1937?

The absorption of Indigenous people by the people of the Commonwealth. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the suppression of Aboriginal language and culture, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?

Cultural loss and erasure of their traditional way of life. Signup and view all the answers

What was the justification for the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the assimilation policy?

The need to 'absorb' Indigenous people into the dominant Australian culture and erase their Aboriginal identity. Signup and view all the answers

How did the Sisters in the mission schools justify the suppression of Aboriginal culture and identity, according to the testimony of the NSW man?

By telling them they were 'white' and needed to adopt Western values and customs. Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the South Australian woman?

The loss of their language and cultural heritage. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the assimilation policy on the cultural practices of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?

The suppression of Aboriginal customs, such as initiation, and the restriction of their participation in traditional festivals. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of the Protector in the lives of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?

To issue permits for cultural practices and control their lives. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the Stolen Generation?

The loss of their cultural identity, family, and community ties. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary message conveyed to the Queensland woman about Aboriginal people during her childhood?

The message was one of fear, portraying Aboriginal people as dirty, living in shabby conditions, and drinking to excess. Signup and view all the answers

How did the forced assimilation policies affect the South Australian woman's perception of herself and her Aboriginal heritage?

She wanted her skin to be white, indicating a desire to disassociate herself from her Aboriginal identity and adopt a more privileged white identity. Signup and view all the answers

What was the stated goal of the welfare officer's conversation with the NSW woman at the age of 14?

The goal was to 'breed out' Aboriginal people by encouraging intermarriage with white people, resulting in a gradual loss of Aboriginal identity and culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary criticism of assimilation policies, according to the text?

It is unrealistic to expect people to let go of their group memberships, and assimilation can lead to the appropriation and extinguishing of minority groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of forced assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?

It can create a reactive intergroup bias, where minority groups feel threatened and respond defensively to maintain their distinctiveness. Signup and view all the answers

How did the foster family's teachings affect the Victorian woman's self-perception?

She was taught that black people were bad, leading to a negative self-image and internalized racism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common theme among the experiences of the four women quoted in the text?

They were all subjected to forced removals and fostering, and were taught to suppress or deny their Aboriginal identity and culture. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?

It implies that the goal of assimilation policies was to erase Aboriginal identity and culture through intermarriage and genetic dilution. Signup and view all the answers

How does distinctiveness threat influence intergroup biases, according to social identity theory?

Intergroup biases will increase as the in-group and out-group become more similar. Signup and view all the answers

What assumption underlies the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?

That extensive intergroup contact will naturally lead to the fusion of old identities into a new homogeneous identity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?

To create a shared group membership that can reduce intergroup biases. Signup and view all the answers

How does superordinate categorization affect subgroup identities, according to the CIIM?

Subgroup identities will 'melt away' as people focus on their shared superordinate membership. Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden?

That cultural differences create the potential for hostility, and therefore a single culture is necessary for harmony. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of distinctiveness threat on intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

Increased intergroup biases and prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce prejudice, according to social identity theory?

By creating a shared group membership that reduces the salience of subgroup differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the CIIM?

Cultural differences create the potential for hostility, and therefore homogenization is necessary for harmony. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?

Emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?

Ingroup projection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of making salient a superordinate group identity, if subgroup identities are ignored or devalued?

Distinctiveness threat. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Gaertner et al. (1989, 1990) study, what is the primary outcome when participants are made to feel like one new group (common ingroup condition) versus retaining two group categorization?

More harmonious relations in the superordinate condition. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of social identity theory, in relation to intergroup relations?

To reduce prejudice and improve intergroup relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?

Self-categorization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

In-group favouritism and prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?

More positive intergroup relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which ingroup projection can lead to prejudice reduction, according to Kessler et al. (2010)?

Ingroup projection can lead to prejudice reduction by creating a common ingroup identity that diminishes the perception of group differences. Signup and view all the answers

How does the common ingroup identity model of prejudice reduction differ from the mutual intergroup differentiation model, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?

The common ingroup identity model involves creating a shared superordinate category, whereas the mutual intergroup differentiation model involves emphasizing distinct subgroup identities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

Distinctiveness threat occurs when a group's identity is perceived as threatened, leading to increased ingroup bias and prejudice against outgroups. Signup and view all the answers

How can superordinate categorization reduce intergroup conflict, according to Wang et al. (2023)?

Superordinate categorization can reduce intergroup conflict by creating a shared identity that transcends subgroup differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, according to social identity theory?

The primary goal of the dual identity model is to balance subgroup distinctiveness with superordinate categorization to reduce intergroup conflict. Signup and view all the answers

How can ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, according to Bell et al. (2022)?

Ingroup projection can lead to increased ingroup bias and prejudice against outgroups, as well as reduced willingness to compromise and cooperate with outgroups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition under which the reduction of in-group favouritism and prejudice is most likely to occur when making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group?

When sub-group identities continue to be recognized and valued instead of ignored. Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential consequence of imposing superordinate groups without considering subgroup identities, according to social identity theory?

Increase in prejudice and in-group favouritism. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice, according to social identity theory?

Recognition and valuation of subgroup identities. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?

Social categorization. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

In-group favouritism and prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?

More positive intergroup relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?

Ingroup projection. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

Increases in-group favouritism and prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

What assumption underlies the pursuit of reducing in-group favouritism through emphasizing a superordinate category?

The assumption of a shared understanding of the superordinate category among subgroup members. Signup and view all the answers

How can subgroup disagreement over the meaning of a superordinate category affect in-group favouritism?

It is unlikely to lead to a reduction in in-group favouritism. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Implicit Associates Test (IAT) measure in the study involving European Australians and European New Zealanders?

The response latency measured the association between nationality and faces (white vs. Indigenous/Maori). Signup and view all the answers

Why did European New Zealanders not display in-group projection, unlike European Australians?

Maori symbols, culture, and language are more prominent in New Zealand life, which likely led to this difference. Signup and view all the answers

What is ingroup projection, as described in the text?

The process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of ignoring or devaluing subgroup identities when making salient a superordinate group identity?

It can lead to negative consequences, such as increased prejudice and conflict. Signup and view all the answers

How can emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups reduce prejudice, according to the CIIM?

By reducing in-group favouritism and promoting a sense of commonality among subgroup members. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?

In-group favouritism and intergroup bias. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, and how does it differ from other approaches to intergroup relations?

The primary goal of the dual identity model is to maintain subgroup identities while creating a sense of shared superordinate identity, thereby reducing prejudice and improving intergroup relations. This approach differs from the common ingroup identity model, which emphasizes a single, overarching identity, and the mutual intergroup differentiation model, which focuses on maintaining group distinctions. Signup and view all the answers

How does ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, and what are the implications for prejudice reduction?

Ingroup projection occurs when individuals attribute their ingroup's characteristics to a superordinate group, leading to increased ingroup favouritism and prejudice. However, if ingroup projection is encouraged in a way that acknowledges and values subgroup identities, it can lead to prejudice reduction and improved intergroup relations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, and how can it be mitigated?

Distinctiveness threat occurs when individuals feel that their group's identity is being threatened, leading to increased ingroup favouritism and prejudice. This can be mitigated by emphasizing a shared superordinate identity while acknowledging and valuing subgroup differences. Signup and view all the answers

What is the common ingroup identity model, and how does it differ from the dual identity model?

The common ingroup identity model involves creating a single, overarching identity that supersedes subgroup identities. In contrast, the dual identity model maintains subgroup identities while creating a sense of shared superordinate identity. Signup and view all the answers

How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce intergroup conflict, and what are the potential limitations of this approach?

Superordinate categorization can reduce intergroup conflict by emphasizing a shared identity that transcends subgroup differences. However, if subgroup identities are ignored or devalued, this approach can backfire and increase prejudice. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?

Making salient a common ingroup identity can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice by reducing the perceived differences between subgroups and increasing feelings of shared identity and shared humanity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying assumption of the assimilation policies as reflected in the quotes of the Stolen Generation?

The assumption is that Aboriginal people are inferior and need to be 'bred out' or assimilated into white culture. Signup and view all the answers

How does forced assimilation affect the self-perception of minority groups, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?

Forced assimilation can lead to a negative self-perception and internalization of stereotypes, as seen in the quotes from the Stolen Generation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?

The statement implies that the goal of assimilation is to 'breed out' Aboriginal people, leading to a loss of cultural identity and heritage. Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'melting-pot' assimilation model ignore the cultural differences and experiences of minority groups?

The 'melting-pot' model assumes that all cultures will blend into a single dominant culture, ignoring the cultural differences and experiences of minority groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the critique of assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?

Assimilation policies can be psychologically painful for minority groups, leading to reactive intergroup bias and a loss of cultural identity. Signup and view all the answers

How does the experience of the Stolen Generation challenge the assumption of assimilation policies?

The experience of the Stolen Generation challenges the assumption that assimilation is necessary for the betterment of minority groups, highlighting the trauma and cultural loss caused by forced assimilation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the Quotes from the Stolen Generation on the concept of 'race' and cultural identity?

The quotes imply that 'race' and cultural identity are social constructs, used to justify discrimination and assimilation policies. Signup and view all the answers

How does the forced assimilation of Indigenous children reflect the power dynamics between the dominant and minority groups?

The forced assimilation of Indigenous children reflects the power imbalance between the dominant and minority groups, with the dominant group imposing its cultural values and norms on the minority group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of in-group projection on prejudice, and how does it relate to the concept of superordinate groups?

In-group projection increases prejudice, and it occurs when in-group members project their own group's characteristics onto a superordinate group, leading to a stronger in-group identity and increased prejudice towards out-groups. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of in-group projection manifest in a hiring context, particularly when evaluating job candidates?

In-group projection can lead to biased evaluations of job candidates, where in-group members are more likely to be hired and out-group members are more likely to be rejected, due to a perceived similarity between in-group members and the superordinate group. Signup and view all the answers

What role does sub-group identification play in in-group projection, and how does it relate to prejudice?

Strong sub-group identifiers are more likely to engage in in-group projection, leading to increased prejudice towards out-groups, as they prioritize their own sub-group's characteristics over the superordinate group. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of in-group projection relate to the idea of intergroup anxiety, particularly in the context of school children in Germany?

In-group projection can lead to intergroup anxiety, as in-group members may prioritize their own group's characteristics over the superordinate group, leading to increased anxiety and prejudice towards out-groups. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between in-group projection and blatant prejudice, and how does it manifest in the context of immigrant groups?

In-group projection can lead to blatant prejudice towards out-groups, particularly immigrant groups, as in-group members prioritize their own group's characteristics over the superordinate group, leading to increased prejudice and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of in-group projection relate to emotions and feelings towards out-groups, particularly in the context of Germans and immigrants?

In-group projection can lead to negative emotions and feelings towards out-groups, as in-group members prioritize their own group's characteristics over the superordinate group, leading to increased prejudice and discrimination. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of superordinate groups in reducing prejudice, and how does it relate to in-group projection?

Making salient a superordinate group can reduce prejudice by minimizing the distinction between in-groups and out-groups, reducing in-group projection and promoting a shared identity. Signup and view all the answers

How does in-group projection influence the perception of typicality of sub-groups in the context of native Germans and immigrants?

In-group projection can lead to a biased perception of typicality, where in-group members overestimate the similarity between in-group members and the superordinate group, and underestimate the similarity between out-group members and the superordinate group. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Distinctiveness Threat

According to social identity theory, group members strive to feel distinct from relevant out-groups, leading to the prediction that intergroup biases will increase when in-group and out-group become more similar.
Roccas and Schwartz (1993) found that in-group bias increased as perceived similarity between groups increased.

Assimilation

Assimilation assumes that subgroup identities will "melt away" as people focus on their shared superordinate membership.
Assimilation is often seen as a way to achieve harmony, where cultural differences are eliminated, and a monoculture is created.
Examples of assimilation include:
- Billy Snedden's 1969 statement that Australia should have a single culture and reject multiculturalism.
- The "melting pot" idea, where old identities fuse together into a new homogeneous identity.
- The assumption that minority groups should assimilate to the dominant culture.

Minority Group Assimilation

Minority groups are encouraged to let go of their old identities and assimilate to the dominant culture through training or schooling.
Examples include:
- One Nation's 1998 policy stating that migrants should prioritize maintaining Australian culture, history, and traditions.
- The 1937 First Conference of State and Territory Aboriginal Protectors, which aimed to absorb Aboriginal people into the rest of Australian society.

Voices from the "Stolen Generation"

Personal stories from individuals who were taken from their Aboriginal families as children, forced to assimilate, and forbidden from speaking their native language or practicing their traditional customs.
Quotes from individuals who were removed from their families, denied their Aboriginal heritage, and forced to adopt European-Australian culture.

Problems with Assimilation

Unrealistic expectation that people will let go of their group memberships.
Risk of appropriation and extinction for groups with low status or power.
Forced assimilation can be psychologically painful for minority groups, potentially creating reactive intergroup bias.

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Description

Personal stories of Aboriginal Australians who were forcibly removed from their families and fostered out to non-Indigenous families, sharing their experiences of racism and cultural disconnection.