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What is the predicted outcome when in-group and out-group become more similar, according to social identity theory?
What is the predicted outcome when in-group and out-group become more similar, according to social identity theory?
Intergroup biases will increase
What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden, Minister for Immigration in 1969?
What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden, Minister for Immigration in 1969?
Cultural differences create the potential for hostility and homogenization is necessary for harmony.
What is the assumption of the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?
What is the assumption of the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?
Assimilation will happen naturally through extensive intergroup contact, resulting in a homogeneous identity.
What is the primary goal of assimilation policies with regard to minority groups, such as immigrants and indigenous people?
What is the primary goal of assimilation policies with regard to minority groups, such as immigrants and indigenous people?
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What is the potential outcome of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?
What is the potential outcome of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?
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What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the underlying philosophy of assimilation?
What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the underlying philosophy of assimilation?
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What is the implication of the 'minority group assimilation' model on indigenous Australian identity?
What is the implication of the 'minority group assimilation' model on indigenous Australian identity?
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What is the potential outcome of forced removals and fostering of indigenous children, in the context of assimilation policies?
What is the potential outcome of forced removals and fostering of indigenous children, in the context of assimilation policies?
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What was the ultimate goal of the assimilation policy, according to the 1st Conference of State and Territory Aboriginal Protectors in 1937?
What was the ultimate goal of the assimilation policy, according to the 1st Conference of State and Territory Aboriginal Protectors in 1937?
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What was the result of the suppression of Aboriginal language and culture, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?
What was the result of the suppression of Aboriginal language and culture, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?
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What was the justification for the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the assimilation policy?
What was the justification for the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the assimilation policy?
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How did the Sisters in the mission schools justify the suppression of Aboriginal culture and identity, according to the testimony of the NSW man?
How did the Sisters in the mission schools justify the suppression of Aboriginal culture and identity, according to the testimony of the NSW man?
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What was the consequence of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the South Australian woman?
What was the consequence of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the South Australian woman?
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What was the impact of the assimilation policy on the cultural practices of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?
What was the impact of the assimilation policy on the cultural practices of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?
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What was the role of the Protector in the lives of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?
What was the role of the Protector in the lives of Indigenous people, according to the testimony of the Queensland woman?
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What was the outcome of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the Stolen Generation?
What was the outcome of the forced removal of Indigenous children, according to the testimony of the Stolen Generation?
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What was the primary message conveyed to the Queensland woman about Aboriginal people during her childhood?
What was the primary message conveyed to the Queensland woman about Aboriginal people during her childhood?
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How did the forced assimilation policies affect the South Australian woman's perception of herself and her Aboriginal heritage?
How did the forced assimilation policies affect the South Australian woman's perception of herself and her Aboriginal heritage?
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What was the stated goal of the welfare officer's conversation with the NSW woman at the age of 14?
What was the stated goal of the welfare officer's conversation with the NSW woman at the age of 14?
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What is the primary criticism of assimilation policies, according to the text?
What is the primary criticism of assimilation policies, according to the text?
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What is the consequence of forced assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
What is the consequence of forced assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
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How did the foster family's teachings affect the Victorian woman's self-perception?
How did the foster family's teachings affect the Victorian woman's self-perception?
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What is the common theme among the experiences of the four women quoted in the text?
What is the common theme among the experiences of the four women quoted in the text?
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What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?
What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?
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How does distinctiveness threat influence intergroup biases, according to social identity theory?
How does distinctiveness threat influence intergroup biases, according to social identity theory?
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What assumption underlies the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?
What assumption underlies the 'melting-pot' assimilation model?
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What is the primary goal of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary goal of imposing superordinate groups, according to social identity theory?
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How does superordinate categorization affect subgroup identities, according to the CIIM?
How does superordinate categorization affect subgroup identities, according to the CIIM?
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What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden?
What is the underlying philosophy of assimilation policies, as reflected in the statement by Billy Snedden?
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What is the primary effect of distinctiveness threat on intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary effect of distinctiveness threat on intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce prejudice, according to social identity theory?
How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce prejudice, according to social identity theory?
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What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the CIIM?
What is the relationship between cultural differences and harmony, according to the CIIM?
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What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?
What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?
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What is the term for the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?
What is the term for the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?
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What is the potential consequence of making salient a superordinate group identity, if subgroup identities are ignored or devalued?
What is the potential consequence of making salient a superordinate group identity, if subgroup identities are ignored or devalued?
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According to the Gaertner et al. (1989, 1990) study, what is the primary outcome when participants are made to feel like one new group (common ingroup condition) versus retaining two group categorization?
According to the Gaertner et al. (1989, 1990) study, what is the primary outcome when participants are made to feel like one new group (common ingroup condition) versus retaining two group categorization?
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What is the primary goal of social identity theory, in relation to intergroup relations?
What is the primary goal of social identity theory, in relation to intergroup relations?
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What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?
What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?
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What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?
What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?
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What is the primary mechanism by which ingroup projection can lead to prejudice reduction, according to Kessler et al. (2010)?
What is the primary mechanism by which ingroup projection can lead to prejudice reduction, according to Kessler et al. (2010)?
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How does the common ingroup identity model of prejudice reduction differ from the mutual intergroup differentiation model, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
How does the common ingroup identity model of prejudice reduction differ from the mutual intergroup differentiation model, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
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What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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How can superordinate categorization reduce intergroup conflict, according to Wang et al. (2023)?
How can superordinate categorization reduce intergroup conflict, according to Wang et al. (2023)?
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What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, according to social identity theory?
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How can ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, according to Bell et al. (2022)?
How can ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, according to Bell et al. (2022)?
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What is the condition under which the reduction of in-group favouritism and prejudice is most likely to occur when making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group?
What is the condition under which the reduction of in-group favouritism and prejudice is most likely to occur when making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group?
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What is the potential consequence of imposing superordinate groups without considering subgroup identities, according to social identity theory?
What is the potential consequence of imposing superordinate groups without considering subgroup identities, according to social identity theory?
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What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice, according to social identity theory?
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What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?
What is the term for the process by which individuals categorize themselves and others into groups, leading to in-group favouritism and prejudice?
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What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?
What is the primary benefit of emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups, according to the CIIM?
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What is the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?
What is the process by which individuals unconsciously project their own ingroup's characteristics onto a superordinate group?
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What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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What assumption underlies the pursuit of reducing in-group favouritism through emphasizing a superordinate category?
What assumption underlies the pursuit of reducing in-group favouritism through emphasizing a superordinate category?
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How can subgroup disagreement over the meaning of a superordinate category affect in-group favouritism?
How can subgroup disagreement over the meaning of a superordinate category affect in-group favouritism?
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What did the Implicit Associates Test (IAT) measure in the study involving European Australians and European New Zealanders?
What did the Implicit Associates Test (IAT) measure in the study involving European Australians and European New Zealanders?
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Why did European New Zealanders not display in-group projection, unlike European Australians?
Why did European New Zealanders not display in-group projection, unlike European Australians?
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What is ingroup projection, as described in the text?
What is ingroup projection, as described in the text?
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What is the consequence of ignoring or devaluing subgroup identities when making salient a superordinate group identity?
What is the consequence of ignoring or devaluing subgroup identities when making salient a superordinate group identity?
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How can emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups reduce prejudice, according to the CIIM?
How can emphasizing a shared collective identity among members of different subgroups reduce prejudice, according to the CIIM?
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What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
What is the primary obstacle to achieving more positive intergroup relations, according to social identity theory?
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What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, and how does it differ from other approaches to intergroup relations?
What is the primary goal of the dual identity model, and how does it differ from other approaches to intergroup relations?
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How does ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, and what are the implications for prejudice reduction?
How does ingroup projection influence intergroup relations, and what are the implications for prejudice reduction?
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What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, and how can it be mitigated?
What is the role of distinctiveness threat in shaping intergroup relations, and how can it be mitigated?
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What is the common ingroup identity model, and how does it differ from the dual identity model?
What is the common ingroup identity model, and how does it differ from the dual identity model?
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How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce intergroup conflict, and what are the potential limitations of this approach?
How can superordinate categorization be used to reduce intergroup conflict, and what are the potential limitations of this approach?
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What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?
What is the primary mechanism by which making salient a common ingroup identity based on a superordinate group can reduce in-group favouritism and prejudice?
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What is the underlying assumption of the assimilation policies as reflected in the quotes of the Stolen Generation?
What is the underlying assumption of the assimilation policies as reflected in the quotes of the Stolen Generation?
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How does forced assimilation affect the self-perception of minority groups, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?
How does forced assimilation affect the self-perception of minority groups, according to the testimonies of the Stolen Generation?
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What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?
What is the implication of the welfare officer's statement about the NSW woman's future children?
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How does the 'melting-pot' assimilation model ignore the cultural differences and experiences of minority groups?
How does the 'melting-pot' assimilation model ignore the cultural differences and experiences of minority groups?
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What is the critique of assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
What is the critique of assimilation policies, according to Hornsey and Hogg (2000)?
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How does the experience of the Stolen Generation challenge the assumption of assimilation policies?
How does the experience of the Stolen Generation challenge the assumption of assimilation policies?
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What is the implication of the Quotes from the Stolen Generation on the concept of 'race' and cultural identity?
What is the implication of the Quotes from the Stolen Generation on the concept of 'race' and cultural identity?
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How does the forced assimilation of Indigenous children reflect the power dynamics between the dominant and minority groups?
How does the forced assimilation of Indigenous children reflect the power dynamics between the dominant and minority groups?
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What is the effect of in-group projection on prejudice, and how does it relate to the concept of superordinate groups?
What is the effect of in-group projection on prejudice, and how does it relate to the concept of superordinate groups?
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How does the concept of in-group projection manifest in a hiring context, particularly when evaluating job candidates?
How does the concept of in-group projection manifest in a hiring context, particularly when evaluating job candidates?
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What role does sub-group identification play in in-group projection, and how does it relate to prejudice?
What role does sub-group identification play in in-group projection, and how does it relate to prejudice?
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How does the concept of in-group projection relate to the idea of intergroup anxiety, particularly in the context of school children in Germany?
How does the concept of in-group projection relate to the idea of intergroup anxiety, particularly in the context of school children in Germany?
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What is the relationship between in-group projection and blatant prejudice, and how does it manifest in the context of immigrant groups?
What is the relationship between in-group projection and blatant prejudice, and how does it manifest in the context of immigrant groups?
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How does the concept of in-group projection relate to emotions and feelings towards out-groups, particularly in the context of Germans and immigrants?
How does the concept of in-group projection relate to emotions and feelings towards out-groups, particularly in the context of Germans and immigrants?
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What is the role of superordinate groups in reducing prejudice, and how does it relate to in-group projection?
What is the role of superordinate groups in reducing prejudice, and how does it relate to in-group projection?
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How does in-group projection influence the perception of typicality of sub-groups in the context of native Germans and immigrants?
How does in-group projection influence the perception of typicality of sub-groups in the context of native Germans and immigrants?
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Study Notes
Distinctiveness Threat
- According to social identity theory, group members strive to feel distinct from relevant out-groups, leading to the prediction that intergroup biases will increase when in-group and out-group become more similar.
- Roccas and Schwartz (1993) found that in-group bias increased as perceived similarity between groups increased.
Assimilation
- Assimilation assumes that subgroup identities will "melt away" as people focus on their shared superordinate membership.
- Assimilation is often seen as a way to achieve harmony, where cultural differences are eliminated, and a monoculture is created.
- Examples of assimilation include:
- Billy Snedden's 1969 statement that Australia should have a single culture and reject multiculturalism.
- The "melting pot" idea, where old identities fuse together into a new homogeneous identity.
- The assumption that minority groups should assimilate to the dominant culture.
Minority Group Assimilation
- Minority groups are encouraged to let go of their old identities and assimilate to the dominant culture through training or schooling.
- Examples include:
- One Nation's 1998 policy stating that migrants should prioritize maintaining Australian culture, history, and traditions.
- The 1937 First Conference of State and Territory Aboriginal Protectors, which aimed to absorb Aboriginal people into the rest of Australian society.
Voices from the "Stolen Generation"
- Personal stories from individuals who were taken from their Aboriginal families as children, forced to assimilate, and forbidden from speaking their native language or practicing their traditional customs.
- Quotes from individuals who were removed from their families, denied their Aboriginal heritage, and forced to adopt European-Australian culture.
Problems with Assimilation
- Unrealistic expectation that people will let go of their group memberships.
- Risk of appropriation and extinction for groups with low status or power.
- Forced assimilation can be psychologically painful for minority groups, potentially creating reactive intergroup bias.
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