C Programming Module 7: Arrays
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Questions and Answers

What is a single-dimensional array used for?

  • Storing values in non-contiguous memory locations
  • Storing a single value at a time
  • Storing a list of values of the same data type (correct)
  • Storing multiple values of different data types

    • How should a single-dimensional array be declared in C?

  • Only by specifying the data type
  • By using a predefined constant as the size
  • By defining both the data type and the size of the array (correct)
  • Using dynamic memory allocation only

    • What is the benefit of using a constant for the array size?

  • It provides a predefined limit that can enhance code readability (correct)
  • It allows multiple data types to be stored in the array
  • It simplifies the syntax of array declaration
  • It makes array resizing easier during execution

    • Where are the elements of a single-dimensional array stored in memory?

    <p>In contiguous memory locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of correctly defining a single-dimensional array with a constant?

    <p>#define SIZE 50; int arr[SIZE];</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the given for loop in the context provided?

    <p>To find the maximum value in the array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if an index exceeding the declared size of an array is accessed?

    <p>The program will compile but may lead to undefined behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates arrays from scalar variables?

    <p>Arrays can store multiple values in a single structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a two-dimensional array be initialized in C?

    <p>By listing values row-by-row within braces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function can be used to read values into an array from user input?

    <p>scanf()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is it preferable to use arrays instead of scalar variables?

    <p>When managing a collection of multiple related values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the C programming language treat array indices?

    <p>C does not perform index-bound checks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be specified when passing a two-dimensional array to a function in C?

    <p>The column size must be specified, but the row size can be omitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about multidimensional arrays is true?

    <p>They can be used to store more complex data structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly represents a one-dimensional array declaration for integers in C?

    <p>int grades[5];</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output statement for displaying the value at a specific index in an array?

    <p>printf(&quot;Value at index %d: %d&quot;, i, grades[i]);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the storage allocation for a one-dimensional array of doubles declared as 'double prices[6];'?

    <p>Allocates space for 6 doubles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the initialization of array elements is true?

    <p>Individual elements can be set using individual assignments or via scanf().</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the provided output example, what are users prompted to do?

    <p>Enter grades for storage in an array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about two-dimensional arrays is true regarding braces in initialization?

    <p>Inner braces can be omitted while keeping the outer braces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of data can be stored in an array declared as 'char code[4];'?

    <p>Up to four characters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the following code snippet: max = price[i];?

    <p>Assigns the current value of price[i] to maximum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the array 'int vals[3][2]' initialized if written as 'int vals[3][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};'?

    <p>It creates a 3x2 array with values based on row-wise order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the one-dimensional array declaration 'float amount[100];' represent?

    <p>An array that can store up to 100 floating-point values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of global arrays?

    <p>They are declared outside a function and retain values until main() finishes executing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about static local arrays is true?

    <p>They retain their values for the duration of the program's execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to automatic local arrays when a function is called?

    <p>They are created and destroyed with each function call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT true regarding the initialization of static local arrays?

    <p>They must be explicitly initialized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is memory allocated for automatic local arrays?

    <p>On the stack for each function call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the life cycle of a static local array?

    <p>Created once and remains until the program terminates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates automatic local arrays from static local arrays?

    <p>Automatic local arrays are destroyed and recreated each time the function is called.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of global arrays in terms of memory retention?

    <p>They retain values between different function calls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a character array is initialized with a string literal?

    <p>Each character is assigned to consecutive array elements with a null terminator added.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of passing an individual array element to a function?

    <p>The function receives a copy of the element passed by value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between declaring a character array with and without size specifications but using initializers?

    <p>Both methods result in the same size for the array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following declarations is equivalent to char codes[] = "sample"?

    <p>char codes[] = {'s', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e'};</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if you try to access an array element out of its declared bounds?

    <p>Undefined behavior may occur, potentially causing errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it unnecessary to specify the size when initializing an array with an initializer list?

    <p>The size is always automatically inferred from the initial values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When passing an array to a function in a programming language, what is typically passed?

    <p>A pointer to the first element of the array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What syntactic form can simplify initializing character arrays?

    <p>Omitting braces and commas when using string literals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when an entire array is passed to a function by reference?

    <p>The function can modify the original array elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it generally advisable to omit the size of the array in the function header?

    <p>To simplify the function signature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a consequence of making duplicate copies of large arrays during function calls?

    <p>It consumes more execution time and storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects passing arrays to functions?

    <p>Passing arrays is often simpler than passing individual elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example findMax(grades);, what is being passed to the function?

    <p>A reference to the original grades array.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of passing the entire array rather than individual elements?

    <p>It allows for easier tracking of changes made inside the function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason why passing the entire array by reference is preferred in many cases?

    <p>It conserves memory and optimizes performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of passing individual elements instead of an entire array?

    <p>It increases the complexity of modifications made inside the function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 7: Arrays

    • Arrays are used to store multiple values of the same data type.
    • Unlike scalar variables, which hold a single value, arrays hold a collection of related values.
    • A single-dimensional array is a list of individual items of the same scalar data type.
    • Arrays are stored in contiguous memory locations
    • Elements in an array are accessed by their position (index)
    • The index starts at 0.
    • Arrays can be initialized during declaration.
    • Initializing is done by listing values within braces, separated by commas

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand and manipulate arrays in C.

    Outline

    • Lesson 7.1: One-Dimensional Arrays
      • Input and Output of Array Values
    • Lesson 7.2: Array Initialization
    • Lesson 7.3: Arrays as Function Arguments
    • Lesson 7.4: Two-Dimensional Arrays

    Overview

    • Scalar variables store a single value at a time. A scalar is an atomic type, which can't be subdivided. A set of values of the same data type can be logically grouped
    • Arrays are a collection of values of the same data type
    • Single-dimensional arrays organize and store data.
    • Multi-dimensional arrays are also studied and how to declare and use such arrays.

    Summary: Single-Dimensional Array

    • Data structure to store a list of values of the same data type
    • Declared by specifying the data type and the size.
    • Example: int num [100]. This creates an integer array of size 100.
    • Use constants for array size to avoid retyping.
      • Example: #define MAXSIZE 100, then int num [MAXSIZE].

    Summary: Single-Dimensional Array (Continued)

    • Array elements are stored in consecutive memory locations
    • Elements are accessed through their index.
    • Example: num[22].
    • Subscripts start at 0 (the first element), following sequentially upwards.
    • Arrays can be initialized during declaration:
    • Example: int nums[] = {3, 7, 8, 15};

    Summary: Single-Dimensional Array (Continued)

    • Arrays are passed to functions by passing their name as an argument.
    • The function receives the address of the first array element(not a copy), ensuring modifications made to array elements affect original
    • Size of the array can be omitted in function parameters.

    Summary: Two-Dimensional Arrays

    • Declared by specifying both row and column sizes
    • Example: int mat [ROWS][COLS] ,where ROWS is the number of rows and COLS the number of columns.
    • Can be initialized during declaration, with values listed row by row within braces, separated by commas;
    • Example: int vals[ROWS][COLS] = { {1, 2}, {3,4}, {5, 6} };.

    Summary: Two-Dimensional Arrays (Continued)

    • Arrays are passed to functions by passing the array name as an argument.
    • The row size can sometimes be omitted from the parameter declaration but, the column size must still be specified.
    • Arrays are stored in row-wise order in memory

    Lesson 7.1: One-Dimensional Arrays

    • Arrays, in C, are collections of values of the same data type.
    • Each array element is stored in contiguous memory locations
    • Elements can be accessed based on their index.
    • In C, elements are accessed using their position/index, using brackets.

    Input and Output of Array Values

    • Array elements can be assigned values using individual assignment statements, or through scanf() function.
      • Example: price [5] = 10.69 ;
      • Example: scanf (“%d %lf”, &grades[0], &price[2] )
    • For input, use for statements to loop through the array for interactive entry of values.

    Input and Output of Array Values (Continued)

    • for statement used for accessing and displaying array elements and performing operations such as adding up elements.
    • In C, array indices can't be checked by the compiler.
    • You need to be careful with the bounds of an array to avoid errors.

    Lesson 7.2: Array Initialization

    • Arrays, like scalar variables, can be declared inside or outside a function.
    • Local arrays - within functions
    • Global Arrays - declared outside functions
    • Static arrays-declared as static. Static arrays retain their values until the program ends.

    Lesson 7.2: Array Initialization (Continued)

    • Initializers - values assigned in declarations. They are listed in the order they appear in the array, for example when declaring int grades [5] = {98, 87, 92, 79, 85} ;
    • Whitespace, such as tabs (\t), newlines, (\n), and spaces are ignored by C in initialization.
    • When there are fewer initializers than array elements in declaration, remaining elements are set to 0.
    • Arrays can have their sizes omitted when initialized. The compiler automatically detects the size from the declaration's initializers values.

    Lesson 7.2: Array Initialization (Continued)

    • Character arrays - can be initialized with strings omitting the brackets and commas.
    • A \0 is automatically appended to the end of the initializer to mark the end of the string.

    Lesson 7.3: Arrays as Function Arguments

    • Passing Individual Array Elements - passing values to functions. Any changes within the function do not affect the original array.
    • Passing the Entire Array - the function receives the original data. Changes inside the function directly affect the original array.

    Lesson 7.4: Two-Dimensional Arrays

    • Arrays are tables with rows and columns.
    • Initializations are row-by-row, similar to one-dimensional arrays. The inner braces can be omitted for simplicity.

    Lesson 7.4: Two-Dimensional Arrays (Continued)

    • Passing 2D arrays to functions works similarly to 1D arrays; passing a reference (not a copy) to the whole array allows direct modifications to the original array in the function.

    Assignment 4

    • Practical uses of 1D arrays: storing lists of grades, prices of items, etc.
    • Explain reasoning.
    • Practical uses of 2D arrays: storing game boards, spreadsheet data, etc.
    • Explain reasoning.
    • Important considerations regarding plagiarism.

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    Description

    This quiz covers Module 7 of C Programming, focusing on arrays. Learn how to handle single-dimensional and two-dimensional arrays, understand array initialization, and pass arrays as function arguments. Mastering these concepts is essential for effective programming in C.

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