C Programming Language Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the size in bytes of a long double data type?

  • 8
  • 10 (correct)
  • 4
  • 12

    • Which variable type is capable of holding the range from -32768 to +32767?

  • unsigned int
  • long int
  • char
  • short int (correct)

    • What keyword cannot be used as a variable name in C?

  • number
  • int (correct)
  • Variable
  • Data

    • Which of the following is a correct syntax for variable declaration in C?

    <p>int Value1, Value2;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum value of an unsigned short int?

    <p>65535</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of C as a programming language?

    <p>C offers strong memory management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes C as a structured programming language?

    <p>C allows division of complex problems into smaller modules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data type is primarily used for storing decimal values in C?

    <p>float</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many significant characters are considered in a variable name in C?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following categories does NOT fall under the character set in C?

    <p>Accented characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keywords in C programming?

    <p>They are special words with fixed meanings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following variable names is valid in C?

    <p>number_1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of constant in C?

    <p>Variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes C as a middle level programming language?

    <p>It combines features of high-level and low-level languages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by tokens in C programming?

    <p>Tokens are the smallest meaningful elements for the compiler.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the C programming language?

    <p>High-level abstraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid keyword in C?

    <p>variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about structured programming?

    <p>It focuses on the division of a system into small logical modules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of programming structure does C employ?

    <p>Modular structure programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What section of a C program provides comments for documentation purposes?

    <p>Documentation Section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C programming, what does the Link Section do?

    <p>Links the program to external libraries and functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the basic structure of a C program contains the actual code that runs?

    <p>Executable part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language is considered a prime example of a modular programming language?

    <p>C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of modular programming in C?

    <p>Enhances code readability and maintainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a valid integer constant?

    <p>-1223</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct representation of a real constant in scientific notation?

    <p>6.8et4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes character constants in C?

    <p>They are always enclosed in single quotes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about identifiers in C is correct?

    <p>Identifiers can include alphabets and underscores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stored in memory as ASCII values?

    <p>Character constants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of a double data type in C?

    <p>8 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a valid variable name in C?

    <p>variable-name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which data type has a range of -32768 to +32768?

    <p>int</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct syntax for declaring and initializing an integer variable at the same time?

    <p>int length=5;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly initializes a double variable?

    <p>double d = 345.6789;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is used to take input from the user in C?

    <p>scanf()</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In C, what type of conversion is performed automatically by the compiler?

    <p>Implicit Type Conversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which line of code correctly outputs the character variable initialized as 'N'?

    <p>printf('%c', c);</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the getch() function in a C program?

    <p>To wait for a key press before continuing execution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be the output of the code snippet: printf(" Addition of a and b is : ", sum);?

    <p>It will not output anything.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes explicit type conversion?

    <p>Conversion that occurs through a cast operator.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of implicit type conversion when assigning a short integer to an integer variable?

    <p>Value is preserved without change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of explicit type conversion?

    <p>It forcefully converts one data type to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a correct syntax for explicit type conversion?

    <p>(float)a/b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of converting from a larger data type to a smaller data type?

    <p>Data loss may occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes a symbolic constant in C?

    <p>A named constant whose value cannot be modified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When two numbers are divided in C, how does explicit conversion affect the result?

    <p>It results in a float value with greater precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of multiplying an integer with a float in C?

    <p>A float result with more precision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can be used to define constants in C?

    <p>Using symbolic constants or the const keyword</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    What is Programming?

    • A program is a set of instructions written in a language a computer understands.
    • Programming is the process of writing these instructions.

    Computer Programming

    • Designing and building an executable computer program for a specific task is computer programming.

    C Programming Language

    • C is a middle-level, general-purpose programming language.
    • It's used to develop portable applications.
    • It was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.

    Structured Programming

    • Facilitates program understanding and modification.
    • Uses a top-down approach (dividing a system into subsystems or modules).
    • Also known as modular programming.
    • Examples include languages like ALGOL, Pascal, and C.
    • C is structured/procedural/modular because its language is divided into functions.

    Characteristics of the C Language

    • Simple and clear
    • Small size
    • Structured language
    • Middle-level language
    • Portable
    • Modular
    • Case sensitive
    • Easy error detection

    Basic Structure of a C Program

    • Documentation Section: Comments explaining the program.
    • Link Section: Instructions for linking functions from the system (#include).
    • Definition Section: Defines symbolic constants (e.g., #define).
    • Global Declaration Section: Declares global variables outside all functions.
    • main() Function Section: Contains the program's entry point.
    • Declaration part inside the main function declares variables.
    • Executable part inside the main function contains the program's statements.
    • Subprogram Section: Contains user-defined functions.

    main() Function Section

    • Every C program must have a main() function.
    • Contains a declaration part and an executable part.
    • Declaration part declares variables used in the executable part.
    • Executable part is enclosed in opening/closing braces.

    Input/Output statements

    • Input means providing data to the program.
    • Output means displaying data on the screen.
    • Statements for input/output (e.g., scanf(), printf()) are defined in header files like stdio.h.
    • Header files are necessary to include the required functions for input/output.

    Standard Directories in C

    • The C Standard Libraries (or directories) provide built-in functions (string, math, input/output, memory management, etc.).
    • stdio.h header file contains functions to do input and output processing.

    Benefits of C Programming

    • Middle-level language: Combines high and low-level language features.
    • Building block for other languages: C is the basis for many other languages such as Python, C++, and Java.
    • Powerful and efficient: Contains many data types and operators for various operations.
    • Portable: Runs on various machines.
    • Built-in functions and keywords: Includes built-in functions and 32 keywords which help to build programs.
    • Structured programming: Divides complex problems into smaller modules (functions).

    Character Set in C

    • Uppercase and lowercase letters
    • Digits (0-9)
    • Special characters (e.g., ; { }, etc.)
    • White spaces (e.g., tabs (\t), newline \n)

    Tokens in C

    • The smallest meaningful elements (keywords, operators, punctuation, constants, etc.) in a C program.

    Keywords and Constants

    • Keywords are special words with predefined meanings in C.
    • Constants are fixed values that cannot be changed.

    Integer Constants

    • Represent whole numbers.
    • Can use digits 0-9 and optional signs (+ or -) .

    Real Constants

    • Represent decimal numbers (with digits after the decimal point).

    Character Constants

    • Represent a single character enclosed in single quotes.

    String Constants

    • Represent a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes.

    Identifiers

    • User-defined names (variables, functions, arrays) using letters, digits, and underscores (cannot start with digits).
    • Identifiers must not be the same as keywords.

    Variables

    • Placeholders in memory to store data temporarily in C.
    • Variables have unique identifiers.
    • Data types specify the type of variable.

    Data Types in C

    • Data types determine the size a variable occupies in memory, its range, and operations that can be performed.
    • There are basic data types (like int, float, char) and derived (more advanced) data types.

    Rules for Variable Names

    • A variable name can contain letters, digits, and underscore.
    • Variable names always start with letters.
    • Keywords cannot be used as variable names.
    • Names are case sensitive (e.g., count and Count are different).

    Declaration and Initialization of Variables

    • Declare a variable by specifying its data type and name.

    • Initialize a variable by assigning it a value at the same time you declare it.

    Dynamic Initialization

    • Variables can be initialized at run time using the scanf() function.

    Type Conversion

    • Converting a variable from one data type to another.
      • Implicit conversion (automatic)
      • Explicit conversion (manual, type casting)(casting)

    Constants in C

    • Fixed values that cannot be changed in a program during execution.
      • Symbolic constants
      • Constants defined with the const keyword.

    Volatile Variables

    • Volatile variables are useful for controlling hardware registers, or data that can be modified by external sources.

    Comments

    • Comments explain the code (human-readable descriptions) and are ignored by the compiler.

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    Unit 2 Fundamental of C Programming PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the fundamentals of programming, focusing specifically on the C programming language. You'll learn about programming concepts, structured programming, and the key characteristics that make C a versatile and powerful language. Test your knowledge and see how well you understand the basics of C programming.

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