C Programming Language Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the size in bytes of a long double data type?

  • 8
  • 10 (correct)
  • 4
  • 12

Which variable type is capable of holding the range from -32768 to +32767?

  • unsigned int
  • long int
  • char
  • short int (correct)

What keyword cannot be used as a variable name in C?

  • number
  • int (correct)
  • Variable
  • Data

Which of the following is a correct syntax for variable declaration in C?

<p>int Value1, Value2; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum value of an unsigned short int?

<p>65535 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of C as a programming language?

<p>C offers strong memory management. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes C as a structured programming language?

<p>C allows division of complex problems into smaller modules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data type is primarily used for storing decimal values in C?

<p>float (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many significant characters are considered in a variable name in C?

<p>32 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories does NOT fall under the character set in C?

<p>Accented characters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of keywords in C programming?

<p>They are special words with fixed meanings. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following variable names is valid in C?

<p>number_1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of constant in C?

<p>Variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes C as a middle level programming language?

<p>It combines features of high-level and low-level languages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by tokens in C programming?

<p>Tokens are the smallest meaningful elements for the compiler. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the C programming language?

<p>High-level abstraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid keyword in C?

<p>variable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about structured programming?

<p>It focuses on the division of a system into small logical modules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of programming structure does C employ?

<p>Modular structure programming (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What section of a C program provides comments for documentation purposes?

<p>Documentation Section (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C programming, what does the Link Section do?

<p>Links the program to external libraries and functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the basic structure of a C program contains the actual code that runs?

<p>Executable part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language is considered a prime example of a modular programming language?

<p>C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of modular programming in C?

<p>Enhances code readability and maintainability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a valid integer constant?

<p>-1223 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct representation of a real constant in scientific notation?

<p>6.8et4 (A), -8.g2E-1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes character constants in C?

<p>They are always enclosed in single quotes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about identifiers in C is correct?

<p>Identifiers can include alphabets and underscores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stored in memory as ASCII values?

<p>Character constants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of a double data type in C?

<p>8 bytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a valid variable name in C?

<p>variable-name (A), 2ndVariable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which data type has a range of -32768 to +32768?

<p>int (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax for declaring and initializing an integer variable at the same time?

<p>int length=5; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly initializes a double variable?

<p>double d = 345.6789; (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function is used to take input from the user in C?

<p>scanf() (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In C, what type of conversion is performed automatically by the compiler?

<p>Implicit Type Conversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which line of code correctly outputs the character variable initialized as 'N'?

<p>printf('%c', c); (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the getch() function in a C program?

<p>To wait for a key press before continuing execution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the output of the code snippet: printf(" Addition of a and b is : ", sum);?

<p>It will not output anything. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes explicit type conversion?

<p>Conversion that occurs through a cast operator. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of implicit type conversion when assigning a short integer to an integer variable?

<p>Value is preserved without change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of explicit type conversion?

<p>It forcefully converts one data type to another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a correct syntax for explicit type conversion?

<p>(float)a/b (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of converting from a larger data type to a smaller data type?

<p>Data loss may occur (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes a symbolic constant in C?

<p>A named constant whose value cannot be modified (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When two numbers are divided in C, how does explicit conversion affect the result?

<p>It results in a float value with greater precision (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of multiplying an integer with a float in C?

<p>A float result with more precision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method can be used to define constants in C?

<p>Using symbolic constants or the const keyword (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Programming

A set of instructions for a computer to follow.

Computer Programming

The process of designing and creating computer programs.

C Programming Language

A general-purpose, middle-level programming language.

Structured Programming

A programming approach that breaks down problems into smaller, manageable parts. (modular)

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Modular Programming

Dividing a program into smaller, independent program modules.

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Procedural Programming

Programming style relying on procedures or functions.

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C Language Characteristics

Simple, small, structured, middle-level, portable, modular, case-sensitive.

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Basic C Program Structure

Documentation, preprocessor directives, global declarations, main() function, subprograms, etc.

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C Language Features

C is a robust, portable, flexible language with built-in functions, structured programming, and a character set.

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C Data Types

C has various data types like integers, floats, characters, and strings to represent different kinds of information.

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C Keywords

Keywords are reserved words in C with predefined meanings, like 'int', 'float', 'if', 'else'.

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C Constants

Constants in C are fixed values that don't change during program execution

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Tokens in C

The smallest parts of a C program that have meaning to the compiler.

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Integer Constant

Whole numbers in C programming. Example: 10, 500

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Numeric Constants in C

Values represented as numbers in C (like integer, and real numbers).

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Character Set in C

The set of characters used in C programming, including letters, digits, special characters, and whitespace characters.

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Real Constants

Decimal numbers in C, including those in scientific notation. They're stored as floating-point values.

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Character Constants

Single characters enclosed in single quotes in C. Stored using ASCII values.

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String Constants

Sequences of characters enclosed in double quotes in C. Used to represent texts.

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Identifiers

Names given to variables, functions, and other program elements in C. Use letters, numbers, and underscores.

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Variables

Named memory locations in C that can store data values that can change.

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Data Types (char)

A data type in C that stores a single character (letter, number, symbol).

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Data Types (int)

A data type in C that stores whole numbers (integers).

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Integer Data Type

Used to store whole numbers without decimal points. Examples: int, short int, long int, unsigned int.

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Floating-point Data Type

Used to store numbers with decimal points, representing real numbers. Examples: float, double, long double.

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Character Data Type

Used to store single characters enclosed within single quotes. Examples: 'A', 'b', '1', '!'

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Variable Declaration

The process of informing the compiler about the data type and name of a variable before using it in a program.

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Variable Initialization

Assigning an initial value to a variable during declaration or later in the program.

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What are qualifiers?

Keywords that modify the size and range of basic data types.

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What is the difference between signed and unsigned data types?

Signed data types can store both positive and negative values, while unsigned data types can only store non-negative values.

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Dynamic Initialization

Setting the initial value of a variable at runtime, typically based on user input.

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scanf() Function

A C function that reads input from the user (keyboard) and stores it in a variable.

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Type Conversion

Changing a variable's data type to another type, either automatically (implicit) or manually (explicit).

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Implicit Conversion

Automatic type conversion done by the compiler when a smaller data type is used where a larger one is expected (e.g., an integer used for a floating-point calculation).

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Explicit Conversion

Type conversion done by the programmer using a cast operator, allowing specific control over data type changes.

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Type Promotion

A type of implicit conversion where a smaller data type is automatically promoted to a larger type to avoid data loss during operations.

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Implicit Type Conversion

Automatic conversion of a value from one data type to another, usually from a smaller data type to a larger one. The original value is preserved as much as possible.

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Explicit Type Conversion

Manually forcing a value to be converted to a different data type. This can cause data loss if the new data type is smaller than the original.

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Data Loss (Type Conversion)

Information loss that occurs when converting a value from a larger data type to a smaller one, since the smaller data type cannot hold the full range of values.

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Symbolic Constants

Named values in C that are defined once and cannot be changed during program execution. They provide better readability and maintainability.

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Constants in C

Values in a C program that are fixed and their values don't change during execution. They can be declared using the 'const' keyword or using symbolic constant definitions.

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Volatile Variable

A variable in C whose value can be changed outside the control of the current code. This tells the compiler to always read the variable's value from memory, even if it seems unnecessary.

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Study Notes

What is Programming?

  • A program is a set of instructions written in a language a computer understands.
  • Programming is the process of writing these instructions.

Computer Programming

  • Designing and building an executable computer program for a specific task is computer programming.

C Programming Language

  • C is a middle-level, general-purpose programming language.
  • It's used to develop portable applications.
  • It was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.

Structured Programming

  • Facilitates program understanding and modification.
  • Uses a top-down approach (dividing a system into subsystems or modules).
  • Also known as modular programming.
  • Examples include languages like ALGOL, Pascal, and C.
  • C is structured/procedural/modular because its language is divided into functions.

Characteristics of the C Language

  • Simple and clear
  • Small size
  • Structured language
  • Middle-level language
  • Portable
  • Modular
  • Case sensitive
  • Easy error detection

Basic Structure of a C Program

  • Documentation Section: Comments explaining the program.
  • Link Section: Instructions for linking functions from the system (#include).
  • Definition Section: Defines symbolic constants (e.g., #define).
  • Global Declaration Section: Declares global variables outside all functions.
  • main() Function Section: Contains the program's entry point.
  • Declaration part inside the main function declares variables.
  • Executable part inside the main function contains the program's statements.
  • Subprogram Section: Contains user-defined functions.

main() Function Section

  • Every C program must have a main() function.
  • Contains a declaration part and an executable part.
  • Declaration part declares variables used in the executable part.
  • Executable part is enclosed in opening/closing braces.

Input/Output statements

  • Input means providing data to the program.
  • Output means displaying data on the screen.
  • Statements for input/output (e.g., scanf(), printf()) are defined in header files like stdio.h.
  • Header files are necessary to include the required functions for input/output.

Standard Directories in C

  • The C Standard Libraries (or directories) provide built-in functions (string, math, input/output, memory management, etc.).
  • stdio.h header file contains functions to do input and output processing.

Benefits of C Programming

  • Middle-level language: Combines high and low-level language features.
  • Building block for other languages: C is the basis for many other languages such as Python, C++, and Java.
  • Powerful and efficient: Contains many data types and operators for various operations.
  • Portable: Runs on various machines.
  • Built-in functions and keywords: Includes built-in functions and 32 keywords which help to build programs.
  • Structured programming: Divides complex problems into smaller modules (functions).

Character Set in C

  • Uppercase and lowercase letters
  • Digits (0-9)
  • Special characters (e.g., ; { }, etc.)
  • White spaces (e.g., tabs (\t), newline \n)

Tokens in C

  • The smallest meaningful elements (keywords, operators, punctuation, constants, etc.) in a C program.

Keywords and Constants

  • Keywords are special words with predefined meanings in C.
  • Constants are fixed values that cannot be changed.

Integer Constants

  • Represent whole numbers.
  • Can use digits 0-9 and optional signs (+ or -) .

Real Constants

  • Represent decimal numbers (with digits after the decimal point).

Character Constants

  • Represent a single character enclosed in single quotes.

String Constants

  • Represent a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes.

Identifiers

  • User-defined names (variables, functions, arrays) using letters, digits, and underscores (cannot start with digits).
  • Identifiers must not be the same as keywords.

Variables

  • Placeholders in memory to store data temporarily in C.
  • Variables have unique identifiers.
  • Data types specify the type of variable.

Data Types in C

  • Data types determine the size a variable occupies in memory, its range, and operations that can be performed.
  • There are basic data types (like int, float, char) and derived (more advanced) data types.

Rules for Variable Names

  • A variable name can contain letters, digits, and underscore.
  • Variable names always start with letters.
  • Keywords cannot be used as variable names.
  • Names are case sensitive (e.g., count and Count are different).

Declaration and Initialization of Variables

  • Declare a variable by specifying its data type and name.

  • Initialize a variable by assigning it a value at the same time you declare it.

Dynamic Initialization

  • Variables can be initialized at run time using the scanf() function.

Type Conversion

  • Converting a variable from one data type to another.
    • Implicit conversion (automatic)
    • Explicit conversion (manual, type casting)(casting)

Constants in C

  • Fixed values that cannot be changed in a program during execution.
    • Symbolic constants
    • Constants defined with the const keyword.

Volatile Variables

  • Volatile variables are useful for controlling hardware registers, or data that can be modified by external sources.

Comments

  • Comments explain the code (human-readable descriptions) and are ignored by the compiler.

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This quiz explores the fundamentals of programming, focusing specifically on the C programming language. You'll learn about programming concepts, structured programming, and the key characteristics that make C a versatile and powerful language. Test your knowledge and see how well you understand the basics of C programming.

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