Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is a stream in C++?
Which of the following is used to read data from a file in C++?
What is the purpose of the open() function in C++ file streams?
What is the purpose of the close() function in C++ file streams?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following stream operators is used to extract data from an input stream?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of the fstream library in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
What mode is used to open a file for reading in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
What operator is used to read data from a file in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct way to specify the file name when opening a file in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following libraries provides functions for reading and writing to the console?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
File Input/Output
-
Streams: A stream is a sequence of characters that can be read from or written to. C++ provides two types of streams:
-
Input Stream (
istream): used to read data from a file or keyboard -
Output Stream (
ostream): used to write data to a file or screen
-
Input Stream (
-
File Streams: C++ provides two file stream classes:
-
ifstream(input file stream) for reading from a file -
ofstream(output file stream) for writing to a file
-
-
Opening a File: files can be opened using the
open()function, which returns a boolean indicating success or failure -
Closing a File: files should be closed using the
close()function when finished with them
Streams
-
Stream Classes: C++ provides several stream classes:
-
istream(input stream) -
ostream(output stream) -
iostream(input/output stream)
-
-
Stream Operators: streams support several operators:
-
>>(extraction operator): extracts data from an input stream -
<<(insertion operator): inserts data into an output stream
-
-
Stream States: streams have several states:
-
good(): returnstrueif the stream is good -
bad(): returnstrueif the stream is bad -
fail(): returnstrueif the stream has failed -
eof(): returnstrueif the end of the file has been reached
-
Function Overloading
- Function Overloading: allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters
- Function Signature: consists of the function name and parameter list
- Function Matching: the compiler chooses the best match for a function call based on the function signature
-
Rules for Overloading:
- functions must have different parameter lists
- functions can have different return types
- functions can have different access specifiers (public, private, protected)
Function Templates
- Function Templates: allows a function to work with different data types
- Template Parameters: placeholders for types or values
- Template Instantiation: the process of generating a function from a template
- Template Specialization: allows for customized behavior for specific types
Exception Handling
- Exceptions: errors or exceptional conditions that occur during program execution
-
Throwing an Exception: using the
throwkeyword to signal an error -
Catching an Exception: using a
catchblock to handle an exception - Try-Block: a block of code that may throw an exception
- Catch-Block: a block of code that handles an exception
-
Types of Exceptions:
- Runtime Errors: errors that occur during program execution
- Logic Errors: errors in the program's logic
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of C++ programming, including file input/output, streams, function overloading, function templates, and exception handling.
