C++ Programming Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

What is a stream in C++?

  • A sequence of numbers that can be read from or written to.
  • A sequence of characters that can be read from or written to. (correct)
  • A sequence of functions that can be executed in a specific order.
  • A sequence of variables that can be accessed globally.

    • Which of the following is used to read data from a file in C++?

  • ofstream
  • ostream
  • ifstream (correct)
  • iostream

    • What is the purpose of the open() function in C++ file streams?

  • To open a file and check if the operation was successful (correct)
  • To write data to a file
  • To read data from a file
  • To close a file

    • What is the purpose of the close() function in C++ file streams?

    <p>To close a file when finished with it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stream operators is used to extract data from an input stream?

    <p>&gt;&gt;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the fstream library in C++?

    <p>To provide functions for reading and writing to files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode is used to open a file for reading in C++?

    <p><code>ios::in</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What operator is used to read data from a file in C++?

    <p><code>&amp;gt;&amp;gt;</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct way to specify the file name when opening a file in C++?

    <p>By passing the file name as an argument to the <code>fstream</code> object constructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following libraries provides functions for reading and writing to the console?

    <p><code>iostream</code></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    File Input/Output

    • Streams: A stream is a sequence of characters that can be read from or written to. C++ provides two types of streams:
      • Input Stream (istream): used to read data from a file or keyboard
      • Output Stream (ostream): used to write data to a file or screen
    • File Streams: C++ provides two file stream classes:
      • ifstream (input file stream) for reading from a file
      • ofstream (output file stream) for writing to a file
    • Opening a File: files can be opened using the open() function, which returns a boolean indicating success or failure
    • Closing a File: files should be closed using the close() function when finished with them

    Streams

    • Stream Classes: C++ provides several stream classes:
      • istream (input stream)
      • ostream (output stream)
      • iostream (input/output stream)
    • Stream Operators: streams support several operators:
      • >> (extraction operator): extracts data from an input stream
      • << (insertion operator): inserts data into an output stream
    • Stream States: streams have several states:
      • good(): returns true if the stream is good
      • bad(): returns true if the stream is bad
      • fail(): returns true if the stream has failed
      • eof(): returns true if the end of the file has been reached

    Function Overloading

    • Function Overloading: allows multiple functions with the same name but different parameters
    • Function Signature: consists of the function name and parameter list
    • Function Matching: the compiler chooses the best match for a function call based on the function signature
    • Rules for Overloading:
      • functions must have different parameter lists
      • functions can have different return types
      • functions can have different access specifiers (public, private, protected)

    Function Templates

    • Function Templates: allows a function to work with different data types
    • Template Parameters: placeholders for types or values
    • Template Instantiation: the process of generating a function from a template
    • Template Specialization: allows for customized behavior for specific types

    Exception Handling

    • Exceptions: errors or exceptional conditions that occur during program execution
    • Throwing an Exception: using the throw keyword to signal an error
    • Catching an Exception: using a catch block to handle an exception
    • Try-Block: a block of code that may throw an exception
    • Catch-Block: a block of code that handles an exception
    • Types of Exceptions:
      • Runtime Errors: errors that occur during program execution
      • Logic Errors: errors in the program's logic

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of C++ programming, including file input/output, streams, function overloading, function templates, and exception handling.

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