Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a function in C++?
What is a function in C++?
A function is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action.
What is the purpose of a pre-defined function in C++?
What is the purpose of a pre-defined function in C++?
The purpose of a pre-defined function in C++ is to provide a library of functions that can be used in programs without the need to redefine them.
How do you call a function in C++?
How do you call a function in C++?
To call a function in C++, you simply use its name and pass any required parameters into it.
What library is the 'sqrt()' function from?
What library is the 'sqrt()' function from?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the 'result = sqrt(number);' statement do?
What does the 'result = sqrt(number);' statement do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a class in C++?
What is a class in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
Encapsulation in C++ refers to the bundling of data and methods into a class.
Encapsulation in C++ refers to the bundling of data and methods into a class.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of inheritance in C++?
What is the purpose of inheritance in C++?
Signup and view all the answers
A class defaults to ______ access control in C++.
A class defaults to ______ access control in C++.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Functions in C++
- A function is a block of organized, reusable code that performs a single, related action.
- Functions operate on inputs and produce results when called.
Pre-Defined Functions
- C++ comes with libraries of predefined functions that can be used in programs.
- Example:
sqrt()function, found in thecmathlibrary. - Predefined functions can be used to perform specific tasks.
Defining and Invoking Functions
- Functions can take zero, one, or more arguments.
- Functions can return only one value.
- Function syntax:
return-type function_name(type value1, type value2). - To invoke a function, call its name and pass in parameters if it takes arguments.
Example Program
- To use predefined functions, include the necessary libraries (
#include). - Use the
using namespace std;directive to access standard library functions. - In the
main()function, declare variables and use functions to perform calculations. - Example: calculate the square root of a number using
sqrt().
Classes and Objects
- A class is a user-defined data type that holds its own data members and member functions.
- Classes are essential for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in C++.
Class Definition
- Class names should start with an uppercase letter, and multiple-word names should have the first letter of each word capitalized.
- Classes contain data members and member functions, with access controlled by access specifiers.
Access Specifiers
- Public: accessible from anywhere
- Private: accessible only within the class where it is defined
- Protected: accessible within the class and its subclasses
Inheritance
- Inheritance allows a derived class to inherit properties and behaviors from a base class.
- It promotes reusability and establishes a relationship between the base and derived classes.
- Parent class (base class or superclass) and child class (subclass or derived class)
Polymorphism
- Polymorphism means "many shapes" and allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
- Method Overloading: same method name, different parameters
- Method Overriding: same method name and parameters in the superclass and subclass
UML Class Diagram
- A visual representation of the structure and relationships among classes in an object-oriented system.
- Provides a high-level overview of classes, attributes, methods, and associations.
- Consists of three sections: public, private, and protected.
Constructors and Destructors
- Constructors are special class functions used to initialize objects.
- Destructors are special class member functions that release memory reserved by an object when it goes out of scope.
Objects of Classes
- Objects are instances of a class, holding data variables and member functions.
- Each object has separate copies of data members and is initialized using constructors.
- Destructor is called when an object goes out of scope, releasing memory.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about pre-defined functions in C++, how they work, and how to use them in your programs. Understand the concept of functions, their types, and how they can make your code more efficient.
