C Programming Week 9
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What is the primary function of GNU Make?

  • To debug programming errors
  • To create and edit source code files
  • To manage software packages and dependencies
  • To control the generation of executables from source files (correct)

Which statement accurately describes the role of a makefile?

  • It specifies the commands and rules for building executable files. (correct)
  • It automatically generates source files for a program.
  • It reverts the program to its previous state during compilation.
  • It contains a list of all installed programs on the system.

What is the default goal in a makefile?

  • The last command executed by make
  • The first rule specified in the makefile (correct)
  • The first prerequisite file listed
  • The last target defined in the makefile

Which of the following does make NOT do?

<p>Install new programming languages required by the user (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does make only recompile source files that have changed?

<p>To reduce compilation time and increase efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'clean' target in a makefile?

<p>To remove the generated object files and the executable. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which prerequisite is shared by all object files listed in the makefile?

<p>defs.h (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What command is used to compile the object files into the final executable?

<p>cc -o edit $(objects) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the '.PHONY' declaration do in the context of a makefile?

<p>It tells make that 'clean' is not a file target. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the makefile be simplified with implicit recipes?

<p>By grouping entries by their prerequisites instead of targets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you invoke a specific target in the makefile?

<p>Use the command make target_name. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way to declare a variable in a makefile?

<p>var_name = value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implicit action does make perform with '.o' and '.c' files?

<p>It automatically compiles .c files into .o files. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which command is used to compile the main.c file in the provided makefile?

<p>cc -c main.c (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it beneficial to use variables in a makefile?

<p>To enhance readability and reduce errors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the prerequisites for each target ensure in the makefile?

<p>That object files are created if the source files are newer. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the example makefile, what is the effect of using 'ackslash' at the end of a line?

<p>It signals that the command continues on the next line. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using variables in a makefile?

<p>To simplify the makefile and reduce errors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of a backslash at the end of a line signify in a makefile?

<p>It denotes a continuation of the line. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about implicit recipes in a makefile is true?

<p>They allow for automatic compilation without specifying commands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you specify a target when calling the make command?

<p>By writing 'make' followed by the specific target name directly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a clean target in a makefile?

<p>It removes all generated files to start fresh. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a makefile in the context of using GNU Make?

<p>To specify the rules and commands for compiling source files. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the benefits of using make is true?

<p>Make simplifies the deployment process by hiding complex details. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a makefile, what does the term 'recipe' refer to?

<p>The commands executed to create the target from its prerequisites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is signified by the first rule in a makefile?

<p>It is designated as the default goal that make seeks to accomplish. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required formatting for commands in a makefile?

<p>Commands must be tab indented. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

GNU Make

A tool that manages the creation of executable programs from source code.

Makefile

A special file that instructs the make tool on how to compile a program.

Target

The name of the file or action generated by a recipe in a Makefile.

Prerequisites

The input files needed to create the target in a Makefile.

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Recipe

The set of commands executed by make to create the target from prerequisites.

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Implicit Rules

A feature in make that automatically determines how to compile a source file into an object file based on the file extension.

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PHONY Target

A target that represents a task or action that doesn't correspond to a real file.

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Makefile Target

A target in a Makefile defines a task or a set of actions that Make can execute when the target is specified.

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Makefile Variable

A named value stored in a Makefile to represent a piece of reusable information. Using them makes Makefiles more readable and maintainable.

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Implicit Rule for .o files.

Make can automatically compile a .o file from its corresponding .c file without needing an explicit rule if they have the same name.

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Using Makefile Variables

A way to store and reuse information in a Makefile using the '=' sign, to define objects. This improves readability and avoids errors.

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Make Command

The command that triggers the execution of tasks listed in a Makefile.

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Target Name in Make

A specific action target to build the program. (e.g., "edit" or "clean"). Used to run specific tasks in the Makefile from the command line.

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Compilation Command (cc)

The command used to compile code. (e.g., cc -c main.c)

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Makefile and Object Files

Object files (.o) are the intermediate results of compiling source code (.c). Makefiles build the program by linking these .o files together.

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Makefile Prerequisites

The input files needed to create a target in a Makefile. For example, "main.c defs.h" are prerequisites for the "main.o" target.

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Makefile Recipe

The set of commands executed by Make to create the target from its prerequisites. For example, "cc -c main.c"

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Implicit Recipe

A feature of Make that automatically compiles a .o file from its corresponding .c file if they have the same name. You don't need to write the recipe explicitly.

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What does 'make' do?

'Make' is a tool that automates the process of building software from source code. It reads a file called a Makefile to determine the steps needed to compile, link, and create executable files.

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Why use 'make'?

'Make' helps streamline the software development process by automatically detecting and compiling only the necessary files. This saves time and effort, especially in larger projects.

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What is a Makefile?

A Makefile is a text file that contains instructions for the 'make' tool. It defines the targets (e.g., executable files) and the steps (recipes) to create them.

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What are 'targets' in a Makefile?

Targets in a Makefile represent the final output you want to generate, such as an executable file or a cleaned-up project directory.

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What are 'prerequisites' in a Makefile?

Prerequisites are the input files that are needed to create a target. For example, a C program executable might require multiple source files and header files.

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Study Notes

C Programming - C-Make File

  • GNU Make is a tool that manages the creation of executables and other non-source files from source files.
  • Make helps compile multiple source files into executable files.
  • Make is useful for easier program deployment by hiding compilation details from the end user.
  • Make only recompiles files that have been changed since the last compilation, saving time.
  • It can be used for other programming languages, not just C, and more than just compiling files (e.g. installing/uninstalling packages).

Make File Structure

  • A makefile is a special file that tells the make tool what to do when compiling programs.
  • Makefiles use rules with a specific format:
    • target : prerequisites
    • ... (recipe)
    • ... (more instructions)
  • The first rule in the makefile is the default goal make strives to achieve.

Make File Content Details

  • target: The name of generated files (or an action).
  • prerequisites: Files used as input for the target.
  • recipe: Commands executed by make to produce the target. Recipes must be indented with tabs.

Example Make File Structure

  • Examples of a makefile show commands for compiling different .c files into .o files.
  • Includes example commands like cc -c, rm, edit, etc. for compiling and other actions.

Calling/Using Make

  • Use the command make from the command line within the folder containing the makefile.
  • To run specific targets use make {target_name}.

Using Variables in Makefiles

  • Variables declared in makefiles simplify the structure and help reduce errors. The variables are assigned using =
  • Example usage: declaring a variable objects to list all .o files for a target like 'edit' in a makefile.

Implicit Recipes in Make

  • Make can use implicit rules to compile .o files from corresponding .c files. This avoids needing the explicit compilation recipe.
  • Prerequisites must still be listed for proper compilation.

Rewriting the Example

  • Examples of rewriting previous makefile examples to improve readability and efficiency.

Simplifying Makefiles

  • Makefiles can be further simplified by grouping entries by prerequisites.
  • Example showing different ways to structure makefiles to group rules and variables by prerequisites.

Running Other Tasks with Make

  • Make can run actions like cleaning the current directory from object files.
  • Add targets like 'clean' with associated commands, e.g. removing the files.
  • Use PHONY variable declaration to differentiate between file names and target commands for clarity.

References

  • Official GNU Make documentation is referenced for deeper study.

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Makefile - GNU C Programming PDF

Description

This quiz covers the basics of using GNU Make and makefiles in C programming. You will learn how to structure a makefile, understand its components like targets and prerequisites, and grasp the importance of efficient file compilation. Master these tools to streamline your programming projects.

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