C++ Programming Basics Quiz

Lab Manual: C++ Programming Fundamental

• Lab Manual Title: Lab Manual: C++ Programming Fundamental
• Author: Ms Sidra Khalid
• Institution: GSCWU BWP (Sadiq College Women University Bahawalpur, Pakistan)

Week 01: Installation & Overview

• What is Programming? The process of creating sets of instructions that tell a computer what to do. It involves writing code using a programming language
• What is Computer Language? Code or syntax to write programs
• Key Elements of Programming Instructions, Language, Problem Solving
• Programming Languages Formal languages designed to communicate instructions to a computer. Examples: Python, Java, C++, Kotlin.
• Low-level Language Machine Language, Assembly Language
• High-level Language: C, C++, java, C# etc
• Language Processors: Assembler, Compiler, Interpreter
• Compiler Vs Interpreter Compiler converts the entire high-level language program into machine code at once. Interpreter converts high-level language program into machine code line by line.
• C++ Compiler: GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) mainly used for C and C++
• Installation of IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Code::Blocks is a free and cross-platform IDE. Download latest version from codeblocks.org/downloads
• Installation Steps: Steps for downloading and installing the Code::Blocks IDE, video tutorials provided on YouTube.

Week 02: Introduction to Problem Solving & Variables & Keywords

• Algorithm: A step-by-step process for solving a problem
• Characteristics of an Algorithm: Well-defined inputs, Well-defined outputs, Finite-ness, Feasible, Clear and Unambiguous, Language Independent.
• Example: C++ algorithm for adding two numbers

Week 03: Data Types & Comments

• Data Types: Declarations for variables, defining type and size of associated data. Example: int age = 13
• Fundamental Data Types: Integer( int ), Floating-point ( float ), Double Floating-point (double), Character (char), Wide Character (wchar_t), Boolean (bool), Empty (void)

Week 04: Basic Structure of Program & Working of Program

• Structure of Program/Syntax: Basic code structure for printing "Hello World!".
• How does Program work? Explains how the C++ compiler handles headers and namespaces.
• C++ Basic Input/Output (IO): Explains formatted output (cout) and formatted input (cin) methods.

Week 05: Operators & Directives

• Arithmetic Operators: Basic arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /, %), modulo division
• Relational Operators: Symbols used for comparing two values. (>,>=,<,<=,==,!=)
• Logical Operators: Combine relational expressions (&&, ||, !)

Week 06: Flow Control - Decisions

• C++ if, if/else, and Nested if/else: Conditional statements for executing different blocks of code based on conditions
• if Statement: Executes code if a condition is true.
• if/else Statement: Executes one block of code if true, another if false
• Nested if Statement An if statement inside another if statement
• Example: Programming examples to illustrate each case.

Week 07: Loops

• For Loops: Repeating a block of code a specific number of times.
• While Loops: Repeating a block of code as long as a condition remains true
• Do-While Loops: Repeating a block of code at least once, then repeating as long as a condition remains true

Week 08: Break & Continue & Switch

• Break Statement: Terminates a loop when a certain condition is met
• Continue Statement: Skips the current iteration of a loop and moves to the next one.
• Switch Statement: Executes code for multiple conditions

Week 09: C++ Functions

• Functions: Blocks of code designed for specific tasks.
• Standard Library Function: Already existing functions (sqrt() , abs()).
• User-defined Function: Created by the programmer
• Function parameters: Values passed to the function when it is called.
• Return Type: Specify the data type of the value returned by the function
• Function Prototypes: Forward declaration of the function.

Week 10: C++ User-defined Function Types

• User-defined Function Types: Categorized as functions with no arguments and no return value, functions with no arguments but return value, functions with arguments but no return value, and functions with arguments and return value.

Week 11: C++ Default Arguments, Storage Class

• Default Arguments: Using default values for function parameters when no argument is passed..
• Storage Classes: Discusses different storage classes local, global and static local variables.

Week 12: C++ Return Reference, Strings

• Return Reference: Return a reference instead of a value. Can modify the original variable inside a function
• C++ Strings: Collection of characters as arrays and "string" objects. How to use cin, cout, getline.

Week 13: Arrays, Multidimensional array, Function and array

• Array: Variable holding multiple values of the same data type.
• Multidimensional array: An array of arrays
• Access Array Elements: Access elements in an array using indices (e.g., x[0]).
• Initialization: Ways to initialize arrays.

Week 14: Pointers, Pointers and arrays, Pointer and function

• Pointers: Variables storing memory addresses of other variables.
• Assigning Addresses to Pointers: Methods for assigning addresses to pointers.
• Changing Value Pointed by Pointers: Modify values of variables by accessing their address through a pointer
• Pointers and Arrays: Using pointers with arrays for accessing and manipulating elements

Week 15: Memory Management (new and delete), File Handling

• Dynamic Memory Allocation: Allocate memory during runtime using new
• Deallocation: Release allocated memory using delete
• File Handling using <fstream>: Methods like ofstream, ifstream for file operations, writing to, reading from, and appending to files.

Week 16: Revision, Presentation and Quiz

• Summary of prior weeks concepts: Review and preparation for assessment.