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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of shellcode?
What is the difference between a vulnerability and an exploit?
What is the purpose of ASLR?
What is the effect of an integer overflow?
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What is the purpose of a stack canary?
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What is the primary difference between a stack and a heap?
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What is the purpose of fuzzing?
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What is the purpose of GDB?
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What is the primary mechanism by which a threat actor can exploit a buffer?
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Which of the following is a common implication of integer overflow in real-world systems?
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What is the primary purpose of the main function in C programming?
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Which of the following GDB tools is used to disassemble executable code?
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What is the primary difference between a stack and a heap in terms of memory allocation?
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Which of the following format string specifiers is commonly used to exploit vulnerabilities?
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What is the primary purpose of using a safer alternative to vulnerable functions like gets or strcpy?
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Which of the following is a common limitation of fuzzing approaches?
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What is the primary mechanism by which a non-executable stack can prevent exploitation of vulnerabilities?
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Which of the following is a common industrial practice for testing software for vulnerabilities?
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Study Notes
Week 1: C Language and GDB Tool
- C Language function syntax,
mainfunction syntax, and arguments - Data types:
integer,float,char,arrays, and declarations - Pointers and notation
- Input and output
- Conditionals and looping
- GDB Tool: executing with an executable file, listing and disassembling (
disas), breakpoints, and register inspection - Vulnerability and exploit definitions: difference between a vulnerability and exploit (and zero day)
Week 2: Integer Overflow
- Integer types: 8-bit equal to
char, signed or unsigned - Limits available as MACRO constants
- Byte sizes of types
- Effect of integer overflow: wrapping around positive or negative
- Implications in reality: usually triggered in loop iteration
- C Language: variable scope and variable types
Week 3: Stacks and Buffers
- Principle of a stack: stack frame organization, function entry and exit sequence
- How stacks work during execution and debugging in GDB
- Buffer and overflow principles: beneficial to a threat actor
- How buffers can be viewed in GDB: examples from lab
Week 4: Vulnerable Functions and Shellcode
- Vulnerable functions:
gets,strcpy,strcat,sprintf - Safer alternatives to these functions
- Shellcode: aim, usage, and how it works
Week 5: Format Strings
- Strings vs format strings: format string specifiers
- Functions:
printfandsprintf - What makes format strings vulnerable: properties
- Exploit setup: where does it read from initially?
Week 7: Heap Properties
- Heap properties and layout: vs the stack
- Functions using heap space: relation to the stack with variables
- Structure: chunks
Week 8: Fuzzing Principles
- Fuzzing principles: why and types
- Phases and methods of fuzzing
- Tools used in fuzzing
Week 9: More Fuzzing
- More fuzzing principles: issues with fuzzing approaches
- Code coverage: AFL tool
Week 10: Non-Executable Stack and Security
- Non-executable stack and implications
- Overrides: W^X, stack canaries, and ASLR
Week 1: C Language and GDB Tool
- C Language function syntax,
mainfunction syntax, and arguments - Data types:
integer,float,char,arrays, and declarations - Pointers and notation
- Input and output
- Conditionals and looping
- GDB Tool: executing with an executable file, listing and disassembling (
disas), breakpoints, and register inspection - Vulnerability and exploit definitions: difference between a vulnerability and exploit (and zero day)
Week 2: Integer Overflow
- Integer types: 8-bit equal to
char, signed or unsigned - Limits available as MACRO constants
- Byte sizes of types
- Effect of integer overflow: wrapping around positive or negative
- Implications in reality: usually triggered in loop iteration
- C Language: variable scope and variable types
Week 3: Stacks and Buffers
- Principle of a stack: stack frame organization, function entry and exit sequence
- How stacks work during execution and debugging in GDB
- Buffer and overflow principles: beneficial to a threat actor
- How buffers can be viewed in GDB: examples from lab
Week 4: Vulnerable Functions and Shellcode
- Vulnerable functions:
gets,strcpy,strcat,sprintf - Safer alternatives to these functions
- Shellcode: aim, usage, and how it works
Week 5: Format Strings
- Strings vs format strings: format string specifiers
- Functions:
printfandsprintf - What makes format strings vulnerable: properties
- Exploit setup: where does it read from initially?
Week 7: Heap Properties
- Heap properties and layout: vs the stack
- Functions using heap space: relation to the stack with variables
- Structure: chunks
Week 8: Fuzzing Principles
- Fuzzing principles: why and types
- Phases and methods of fuzzing
- Tools used in fuzzing
Week 9: More Fuzzing
- More fuzzing principles: issues with fuzzing approaches
- Code coverage: AFL tool
Week 10: Non-Executable Stack and Security
- Non-executable stack and implications
- Overrides: W^X, stack canaries, and ASLR
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of C programming, including function syntax, data types, pointers, and control structures, as well as an introduction to GDB tool and vulnerability concepts.
