Questions and Answers
What is the typical incubation period for symptoms to appear after initial exposure to scabies mites?
Which group is considered at higher risk for severe forms of scabies?
What is the primary mode of transmission for scabies?
What is the main function of Permethrin cream in the treatment of scabies?
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In which environments are scabies outbreaks most likely to occur?
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Which of the following treatments is used less frequently for scabies?
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How soon can symptoms appear in someone re-exposed to scabies if they have had it before?
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What is the primary method by which C.difficile infection commonly occurs?
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Which of the following precautions is recommended for patients with C.difficile infection?
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What is a less common way that scabies can be transmitted?
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What is the correct order for removing personal protective equipment (PPE)?
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During which stage of infection does a patient start to spread the disease to others?
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Which organism is primarily transmitted through airborne droplets?
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What specific characteristic makes older adult patients more vulnerable to C.difficile infections?
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Which of the following is the primary infection stage characterized by specific symptoms?
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What is the effective method for removing C.difficile spores from hands?
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What is the primary method of environmental treatment for scabies to ensure all mites are killed?
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How long can scabies mites survive without a human host?
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During a physical examination for scabies, which of the following signs indicates a possible infestation?
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Why is it important to treat everyone in the household when one person is infected with scabies?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom pattern an examiner would assess for during a scabies diagnosis?
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What temperature should clothing be washed at to effectively kill scabies mites?
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What is one of the symptoms the provider will look for during a physical examination for scabies apart from burrows?
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What action is beneficial for non-washable items used by an infected individual?
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What is the first step in assisting a patient with dressing after a bath?
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What should you do if you observe signs of DVT during the leg assessment?
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What is the appropriate method for cleansing the perineal area of a female patient?
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How should you handle soiled linen during the bathing process?
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What is the correct order of procedures for washing a patient's leg?
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What is the purpose of using long, firm strokes when cleansing a patient's back?
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When should you raise the side rail during patient care?
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What additional materials might you need for extensive perineal cleansing?
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What percentage of older adults with pneumonia may not exhibit typical symptoms such as fever or chills?
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In the context of WBC counts, what does a decrease below the expected range indicate?
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Which step of the nursing process involves examining laboratory data and assessment findings?
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What does the presence of increased WBCs typically indicate?
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What is a critical risk associated with neutropenia?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the five steps of the nursing process?
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In body mechanics, what is the primary reason for bending at the knees when lifting an object?
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Which type of lab result often indicates the presence of an infection?
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Study Notes
C. difficile Infection
- C. difficile infections arise from antibiotic therapy or contact with contaminated surfaces.
- Exposure occurs mainly through health care workers' hands or contaminated environments.
- Hand hygiene with soap and water effectively removes C. difficile spores; alcohol-based sanitizers are ineffective.
- Older adults are particularly vulnerable, displaying higher morbidity and mortality rates associated with infection.
- Patients are placed on enteric/contact isolation precautions, ideally in private rooms with dedicated toilets to prevent transmission.
PPE Removal Steps
- Proper removal of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to prevent contamination.
- Gloves are removed first to protect the face and eyes.
- Eyewear should be handled by earpieces while lifting away from the face.
- Gowns are untied, removed, and rolled from outside to inside to contain contaminants.
- Masks should be removed by grasping the ties, avoiding contact with the front.
- Shoe covers and head covers are removed carefully, maintaining hygiene, followed by hand hygiene.
Airborne Agents
- Varicella (chickenpox) and rubeola (measles) are notable examples of airborne agents.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis can lead to pulmonary and laryngeal diseases.
Stages of Infection
- Incubation Period: Time from pathogen entry to first symptoms; varies from 1-2 days for common colds to 14-16 days for chickenpox.
- Prodromal Stage: Nonspecific symptoms like malaise and fever develop before specific signs; potential for transmission increases.
- Illness Stage: Specific signs of infection manifest; older adults may not exhibit typical symptoms, complicating diagnosis.
- Blood Tests: Elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts indicate infection severity; WBC differential provides insights into the immune response.
Nursing Process
- The nursing process includes five interdependent steps: Assessment, Analysis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.
- Critical thinking is integrated throughout the nursing process for individual patient care plans.
Body Mechanics for Lifting
- Raise the bed to a comfortable height and maintain body alignment to prevent injury.
- Use leg strength for lifting, keeping stomach muscles tight and pelvis tucked.
- Ensure coordination among staff during transfers.
Interventions for Respiratory Distress
- Details on specific interventions should be anticipated based on patient needs.
Scabies Infestation
- Symptoms of scabies usually appear 2-6 weeks post-exposure; faster onset occurs upon re-exposure.
- Transmission is primarily through direct skin-to-skin contact; crowded conditions facilitate outbreaks.
- Maintains a risk for children in daycare, the elderly in nursing homes, and immunocompromised individuals.
Scabies Treatments
- Topical: Permethrin cream, benzyl benzoate, crotamiton cream, and sulfur ointment are commonly used agents.
- Oral: Ivermectin is effective for severe cases or when topical treatments fail.
- Environmental: Wash personal items in hot water or seal non-washable items to eliminate mites.
Diagnosis of Scabies
- A physical exam identifies burrows, rashes, and itchiness; inspection of skin lesions helps confirm infestation.
Syncope Management
- Gently ease a falling patient to the ground using a gait belt for safety.
Factors Affecting Salivary Secretion
- Medications, radiation exposure, and mouth breathing can impair saliva production.
- Caregivers may be needed to assist patients with oral care due to compromised salivary function.
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Description
This quiz examines the causes, transmission, and prevention methods of C. difficile infections, highlighting the importance of hand hygiene and the vulnerability of older adults. Understand how antibiotic therapy contributes to the overgrowth of this organism and the methods to contain its spread in healthcare settings.
